Information recording medium, and apparatuses for reproducing, recording, and recording and reproducing thereof, and methods for reproducing, recording, and recording and reproducing thereof

ABSTRACT

An information recording medium comprises a substrate, a second recording layer, a second light transmitting layer, a first recording layer for recording different information from that to be recorded in the second recording layer, and a first light transmitting layer. The second recording layer is formed with a continuous second microscopic pattern of grooves. The first recording layer is formed with a continuous first microscopic pattern of grooves that is different from the second microscopic pattern. Both sidewalls of raised portions of the first and second microscopic patterns are formed with wobbling so as to be parallel with each other. Auxiliary information and a reference clock is recorded on these sidewalls alternately and continuously.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 11/163,289,filed Oct. 13, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,544,428; which is a Continuationof application Ser. No. 10/453,653, filed on Jun. 4, 2003 (now U.S. Pat.No. 6,982,127), and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §120;and this application claims priority of Application No. 2002-162591filed in Japan on Jun. 4, 2002 under 35 U.S.C. §119; the entire contentsof all are hereby incorporated by reference. This application is relatedto application Ser. No. 12/434,993 filed May 4, 2009, application Ser.No. 12/434,973 filed May 4, 2009, and application Ser. No. 12/434,915filed May 4, 2009.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an information recording medium that isparticularly used for recording information optically, and apparatusesfor reproducing information recorded in the information recording mediumwith making the information recording medium move relatively, forrecording information in the information recording medium with makingthe information recording medium move relatively, and for recording andreproducing information in the recording medium with making theinformation recording medium move relatively, and methods forreproducing the information recording medium, for recording theinformation recording medium, and for recording and reproducing theinformation recording medium.

2. Description of the Related Art

Until now, there existed a system used for reading out information froman information recording medium while the information recording mediumis made relatively move. In order to reproduce the system, such a methodas optical, magnetic or capacitance is utilized. A system for recordingand/or reproducing information by the optical method has been mostpopular in daily life. In the case of a read-only type informationrecording medium in disciform, which is reproduced by a light beamhaving a wavelength of 650 nm, for example, such a medium in disciformas a DVD video disc pre-recorded with picture image information, aDVD-ROM disc that is pre-recorded with a program or like, a DVD audiodisc, or an SACD (Super Audio CD) disc that is pre-recorded with musicalinformation is popularly known.

In the case of a recording and reproducing type information recordingmedium, there existed a DVD RAM disc utilizing a phase change effect, anASMO (Advanced Storage Magneto-Optical) disc and an iD (intelligentimage disc) utilizing a magneto-optical effect.

On the other hand, in order to increase recording density, such a studyas shortening a wavelength of laser beam so as to realize emission ofviolaceous light has been continued. A second harmonic oscillatingelement or a semiconductor light emitting element of gallium nitridesystem compound, which was invented recently, emits light having awavelength λ in the neighborhood of 350 nm to 450 nm. Consequently, theycould be an important light emitting element, which increases recordingdensity drastically.

Further, a design of objective lens complying with such a wavelength hasbeen advanced. Particularly, an objective lens having an NA (numericalaperture) utilized for a DVD disc, that is, an NA of exceeding 0.6 andmore than 0.7 is being developed.

As mentioned above, a reproducing apparatus for information recordingmedium that is equipped with a light emitting element of whichwavelength λ is reduced down to 350 nm to 450 nm and equipped with anobjective lens of which an NA is more than 0.7 is being developed. Byusing these technologies, it can be expected that an optical discsystem, which surpasses recording capacity of current DVD disc furthermore, will be developed.

Further, it is also desired that an information recording medium havinghigher recording density, which is designed on the basis of a violaceouslaser beam and a higher NA, is developed.

On the other hand, a recent recording and reproducing type disc adopts amicroscopic configuration, namely the land-groove system. With referringto FIGS. 40 and 41, an information recording medium designed for ahigher NA recording and reproducing system is explained.

FIG. 40 is a cross sectional view of a conventional informationrecording medium adopting the microscopic configuration that is calledthe land-groove system according to the prior art.

FIG. 41 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 40 showing the horizontal configuration of the informationrecording medium according to the prior art.

As shown in FIG. 40, an information recording medium 100 is composed ofa recording layer 120 and a light transmitting layer 110 sequentiallylaminated on a substrate 130. A microscopic pattern 131 is formed on thesubstrate 130. The recording layer 120 is formed directly on the surfaceof the microscopic pattern 131. The microscopic pattern 131 is composedof a plural of raised portions “Aa” and “Ab” (hereinafter genericallyreferred to as raised portion “A”) and a plural of recessed portions“Ba” to “Bc” (hereinafter generically referred to as recessed portion“B”). Macroscopically, the configuration corresponds to that themicroscopic pattern 131 is constituted by a continuous groove composedof the raised portion “A” and another continuous groove composed of therecessed portion “B”.

Further, as shown in FIG. 41, a record mark “M” is formed in both thegrooves composed of the raised portion “A” and the recessed portion “B”respectively when recording.

With paying attention to the dimension of the microscopic pattern 131,while a shortest distance between the recessed portions “Ba” and “Bb” isassumed to be a pitch “P0” (another shortest distance between the raisedportions “Aa” and “Ab” is also the pitch “P0”), the microscopic pattern131 is formed so as to satisfy a relation of P0>S0, wherein “S0” is aspot diameter of reproducing light beam. The spot diameter “S0” iscalculated by a wavelength λ of laser beam for reproducing and an NA ofobjective lens such as S0=λ/NA. In other words, the pitch “P0” isdesigned so as to satisfy a relation of P0>λ/NA.

In the case of the information recording medium 100, a light beam forrecording (recording light) is irradiated on the light transmittinglayer 110 and a record mark “M” is formed on both the raised portion “A”and the recessed portion “B” of the recording layer 120.

Further, reproducing light is irradiated on the substrate 130 or thelight transmitting layer 110 and reflected by the recording layer 120,and then the reflected reproducing light is picked up for reproducing.

Furthermore, in such a land-groove recording method, an addressinformation showing a recording position is disposed as a pit array atevery predetermined interval with dividing the raised portion “A” andthe recessed portion “B”. In other words, a pit array is arranged in apart of information recording medium, and the address informationexhibits an address of a position immediately before or immediatelyafter the pit array. The pit array extends over approximately 1 mm longand arranged at every interval of the order of 10 mm to 20 mm.

Moreover, by applying such a land-groove recording method, atransmittable type double layer information recording medium having twolayers of information recording surfaces has been introduced.

Inventors of the present invention have actually manufactured aninformation recording medium 100 as an experiment, and experimentallyrecorded and reproduced the information recording medium 100. Theinventors founded a problem such that a cross erase phenomenon wasextremely noticeable. The cross erase phenomenon is a phenomenon suchthat information is recorded with being superimposed on a signalpreviously recorded in a recessed portion “B”, for example, whenrecording the information in a raised portion “A”. In other words, it issuch a phenomenon that information previously recorded in a recessedportion “B” is erased by recording another information in a raisedportion “A”.

Further, this phenomenon can also be noticeable in a reverse case, thatis, the cross erase phenomenon is also recognized if previously recordedinformation in a raised portion “A” is observed when recordinginformation in a recessed portion “B”. If such a cross erase phenomenonoccurs, as mentioned above, information recorded in an adjacent grooveis damaged. In case of an information system having larger capacity, anamount of lost information becomes excessively large. Consequently,affection to a user is enormous.

Therefore, it is considered for such an information recording medium 100that information shall be recorded only in either raised portion “A” orrecessed portion “B”. However, recording capacity of an informationrecording medium will decrease and a merit of the information recordingmedium having a potential of recording in higher density will decline ifsuch an information recording method is conducted.

Further, a case of applying the land-groove recording method to atransmittable type double layer information recording medium,particularly, is considered. A transmittable type double layerinformation recording medium has two layers of information surfaces. Arecording layer of one information surface can be recorded andreproduced through another recording layer of the other informationsurface as well as recording in the two layers of information surfacesindependently. When recording in one recording layer through the otherrecording layer, the recording layer of a first information surface thatrecording light passes through first is changed in reflection factor andtransmittance by recording. At this moment, the recording layer of thefirst information surface macroscopically has average transmittancebetween recorded and not-recorded states. However, recording in a pitarray for address, which is provided in a part of the first informationsurface, itself is not conducted, so that transmittance is not changed.Consequently, a luminous energy irradiated on a second informationsurface that is disposed underneath the pit array for address of thefirst information surface is different from another luminous energyirradiated on the second information surface corresponding to anotherarea of the first information surface other than the pit array. In otherwords, in case of recording in the second information surface throughthe first information surface, the recording is conducted under acondition of different luminous energies extending over a long area ofapproximately 1 mm.

Accordingly, it is hard to perform uniform recording in the recordinglayer of the second information surface.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, in consideration of the above-mentioned problems of theprior art, an object of the present invention is to provide aninformation recording medium that is reduced in cross erase and can berecorded in higher density, and apparatuses for reproducing informationrecorded in an information recording medium with making the informationrecording medium move relatively, for recording information in aninformation recording medium with making the information recordingmedium move relatively, and for recording and reproducing information inan information recording medium with making the information recordingmedium move relatively, and methods for reproducing an informationrecording medium, for recording an information recording medium, and forrecording and reproducing an information recording medium. Particularly,an object of the present invention is to provide an embedding method ofan auxiliary information such as an address and a reference clocksuitable for a transmittable type multi-layer information recordingmedium.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides,according to a first aspect thereof, an information recording medium atleast comprising: a substrate; a second recording layer formed on thesubstrate for recording information; a second light transmitting layerformed on the second recording layer; a first recording layer formed onthe second light transmitting layer for recording different informationfrom that recorded in the second recording layer; and a first lighttransmitting layer formed on the first recording layer, wherein thesecond recording layer is formed with a second microscopic pattern,which is constituted by a continuous substance of grooves formed with araised portion and a recessed portion alternately with viewing from thefirst light transmitting layer side, and wherein the first recordinglayer is formed with a first microscopic pattern, which is constitutedby a continuous substance of grooves formed with a raised portion and arecessed portion alternately with viewing from the first lighttransmitting layer side and is different from the second microscopicpattern, the information recording medium is further characterized inthat both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopicpattern satisfy a relation of P≦λ/NA, wherein P is a pitch of the raisedportion or the recessed portion, λ is a wavelength of reproducing lightfor reproducing the first recording layer and the second recordinglayer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens, and that anauxiliary information based on data used supplementally when recordingthe information and a reference clock based on a clock used forcontrolling a recording speed when recording the information is recordedalternately and continuously.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is providedan apparatus for reproducing an information recording medium at leastcomprising: a substrate; a second recording layer formed on thesubstrate for recording information; a second light transmitting layerformed on the second recording layer; a first recording layer formed onthe second light transmitting layer for recording different informationfrom that recorded in the second recording layer; and a first lighttransmitting layer formed on the first recording layer, wherein thesecond recording layer is formed with a second microscopic pattern,which is constituted by a continuous substance of grooves formed with araised portion and a recessed portion alternately with viewing from thefirst light transmitting layer side, and wherein the first recordinglayer is formed with a first microscopic pattern, which is constitutedby a continuous substance of grooves formed with a raised portion and arecessed portion alternately with viewing from the first lighttransmitting layer side and is different from the second microscopicpattern, the information recording medium is further characterized inthat both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopicpattern satisfy a relation of P≦λ/NA, wherein P is a pitch of the raisedportion or the recessed portion, λ is a wavelength of reproducing lightfor reproducing the first recording layer and the second recordinglayer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens, and that anauxiliary information based on data used supplementally when recordingthe information and a reference clock based on a clock used forcontrolling a recording speed when recording the information is recordedalternately and continuously, the apparatus at least comprising: areproducing means for reproducing the first recording layer or thesecond recording layer of the information recording medium, wherein thereproducing means is constituted by a light emitting element foremitting reproducing light having a wavelength λ of 350 nm to 450 nm anda noise of less than RIN (Relative Intensity Noise) −125 dB/Hz, and anobjective lens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9; and acontrol means for controlling the reproducing means to irradiate thereproducing light only on the raised portion for reproducing.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there provided anapparatus for recording an information recording medium at leastcomprising: a substrate; a second recording layer formed on thesubstrate for recording information; a second light transmitting layerformed on the second recording layer; a first recording layer formed onthe second light transmitting layer for recording different informationfrom that recorded in the second recording layer; and a first lighttransmitting layer formed on the first recording layer, wherein thesecond recording layer is formed with a second microscopic pattern,which is constituted by a continuous substance of grooves formed with araised portion and a recessed portion alternately with viewing from thefirst light transmitting layer side, and wherein the first recordinglayer is formed with a first microscopic pattern, which is constitutedby a continuous substance of grooves formed with a raised portion and arecessed portion alternately with viewing from the first lighttransmitting layer side and is different from the second microscopicpattern, the information recording medium is further characterized inthat both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopicpattern satisfy a relation of P≦λ/NA, wherein P is a pitch of the raisedportion or the recessed portion, λ is a wavelength of reproducing lightfor reproducing the first recording layer and the second recordinglayer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens, and that anauxiliary information based on data used supplementally when recordingthe information and a reference clock based on a clock used forcontrolling a recording speed when recording the information is recordedalternately and continuously, the apparatus at least comprising: arecording means for recording information in the first recording layeror the second recording layer of the information recording medium,wherein the recording means is constituted by a light emitting elementfor emitting recording light having a wavelength λ of 350 nm to 450 nmand a noise of less than RIN −125 dB/Hz, and an objective lens having anumerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9; and a control means forcontrolling the recording means to irradiate the recording light only onthe raised portion for recording.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there provided anapparatus for recording and reproducing an information recording mediumat least comprising: a substrate; a second recording layer formed on thesubstrate for recording information; a second light transmitting layerformed on the second recording layer; a first recording layer formed onthe second light transmitting layer for recording different informationfrom that recorded in the second recording layer; and a first lighttransmitting layer formed on the first recording layer, wherein thesecond recording layer is formed with a second microscopic pattern,which is constituted by a continuous substance of grooves formed with araised portion and a recessed portion alternately with viewing from thefirst light transmitting layer side, and wherein the first recordinglayer is formed with a first microscopic pattern, which is constitutedby a continuous substance of grooves formed with a raised portion and arecessed portion alternately with viewing from the first lighttransmitting layer side and is different from the second microscopicpattern, the information recording medium is further characterized inthat both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopicpattern satisfy a relation of P≦λ/NA, wherein P is a pitch of the raisedportion or the recessed portion, λ is a wavelength of reproducing lightfor reproducing the first recording layer and the second recordinglayer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens, and that anauxiliary information based on data used supplementally when recordingthe information and a reference clock based on a clock used forcontrolling a recording speed when recording the information is recordedalternately and continuously, the apparatus at least comprising: arecording and reproducing means for recording information in the firstrecording layer or the second recording layer of the informationrecording medium and reproducing the information, wherein the recordingand reproducing means is constituted by a light emitting element foremitting recording light and reproducing light having a wavelength λ of350 nm to 450 nm and a noise of less than RIN −125 dB/Hz, and anobjective lens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9; and acontrol means for controlling the recording and reproducing means toirradiate the recording light and the reproducing light only on theraised portion for recording and reproducing.

Other object and further features of the present invention will beapparent from the following detailed description when read inconjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment one of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is another enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 1 exhibiting a state of being recorded.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 1 exhibiting a state of reproducing or recording a firstrecording layer of the information recording medium.

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 1 exhibiting a state of reproducing or recording a secondrecording layer of the information recording medium.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view showing an auxiliary information areaand a reference clock area in the information recording medium accordingto the embodiment one of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumaccording to the embodiment one of the present invention wheninformation is recorded in the information recording medium through theCLV (Constant Linear Velocity) recording method.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumaccording to the embodiment one of the present invention wheninformation is recorded on the information recording medium through theCAV (Constant Angular Velocity) recording method.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording medium indisciform according to the embodiment one of the present invention wheninformation is recorded in the information recording medium through theCLV recording method.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording medium indisciform according to the embodiment one of the present invention wheninformation is recorded on the information recording medium through theCLV recording method and further the information is recorded on a raisedportion.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged plan view of a photo-detector mounted on anapparatus for reproducing an information recording medium according tothe present invention showing a state of dividing the photo-detectorinto four.

FIG. 12 is a first example showing a distributed recording of auxiliaryinformation.

FIG. 13 is a second example showing a distributed recording of auxiliaryinformation.

FIG. 14 is a third example showing a distributed recording of auxiliaryinformation.

FIG. 15 is a fourth example showing a distributed recording of auxiliaryinformation.

FIG. 16 is a table exhibiting data change before and after modulating abase-band.

FIG. 17 is a table exhibiting an example of actual data change beforeand after modulating a base-band.

FIG. 18 shows a first example of an amplitude-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 shows a second example of an amplitude-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 shows a third example of an amplitude-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 shows a first example of a frequency-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 22 shows a second example of a frequency-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 shows a third example of a frequency-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 shows a first example of a phase-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 shows a second example of a phase-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 26 shows a third example of a phase-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention.

FIG. 27 shows a first example of a shape of the information recordingmedium according to the present invention.

FIG. 28 shows a second example of a shape of the information recordingmedium according to the present invention.

FIG. 29 shows a third example of a shape of the information recordingmedium according to the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment two of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment three of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment four of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment five of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment six of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram of a first apparatus for reproducing aninformation recording medium according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 36 is a block diagram of a second apparatus for reproducing aninformation recording medium according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 37 is a flow chart showing a method for reproducing an informationrecording medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a block diagram of a third apparatus for recording aninformation recording medium according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 39 is a flow chart showing a method for recording an informationrecording medium according to an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 40 is a cross sectional view of a conventional informationrecording medium adopting a microscopic configuration that is called theland-groove system according to the prior art.

FIG. 41 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 40 exhibiting the horizontal configuration of theinformation recording medium according to the prior art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment One

With referring to FIG. 1, a basic configuration of an informationrecording medium according to the present invention will be explained.An information recording medium according to an embodiment one of thepresent invention is such an information recording medium that at leastone of recording and reproducing is conducted through an optical method.Actually, it is such an information recording medium as a phase changerecording type information recording medium, a dye type informationrecording medium, a magneto-optical type information recording medium ora light assist magnetic type information recording medium.

Further, such an information recording medium is composed of a pluralityof information faces, so that different information can be recorded oneach information surface individually. More exactly, such an informationrecording medium is constructed that one information surface can berecorded and reproduced by a light beam, which passes through the otherinformation surface. Hereinafter, such an information recording mediumis explained with assuming that a plurality of information surfaces istwo information surfaces.

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment one of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, an information recording medium 1 according to the presentinvention is at least composed of a first light transmitting layer 11X,a first recording layer 12X, a second light transmitting layer 11Y, asecond recording layer 12Y, and a substrate 13. An embossed microscopicpattern is formed on the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y respectively, wherein each embossed microscopicpattern is referred to as a first microscopic pattern 20X and a secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y. These microscopic patterns are also formed on asurface of other layers adjoining the recording layers 12X and 12Yrespectively.

Further, unevenness in the first microscopic pattern 20X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y forms a shape of continuous substance ofapproximately parallel grooves.

Furthermore, a shape of the information recording medium 1 can beapplicable in any shape such as disciform, card and tape even incircular, rectangular or oval shape. The information recording medium 1can also be acceptable although it is perforated.

In addition thereto, a light beam for reproducing (reproducing light) orrecording (recording light) is irradiated on the first lighttransmitting layer 11X.

First of all, the substrate 13, the first recording layer 12X, thesecond recording layer 12Y, the first light transmitting layer 11X andthe second light transmitting layer 11Y is detailed. The substrate 13 isa base substance having a function of sustaining mechanically the secondrecording layer 12Y, the second light transmitting layer 11Y, the firstrecording layer 12X, and the first light transmitting layer 11Xsequentially laminated thereon. With respect to a material for thesubstrate 13, any of synthetic resin, ceramic and metal is used. Atypical example of synthetic resin is various kinds of thermoplasticresins and thermosetting resins such as polycarbonate, polymethylemethacrylate, polystyrene, copolymer of polycarbonate and polystyrene,polyvinyl chloride, alicyclic polyolefin and polymethyle pentene, andvarious kinds of energy ray curable resins such as UV ray curableresins, visible radiation curable resins and electron beam curableresins. They can be preferably used.

Further, it is also acceptable that these synthetic resins are mixedwith metal powder or ceramic powder.

With respect to a typical example of the ceramic, soda lime glass, sodaaluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass or silica glass can be used.With respect to a typical example of the metal, a metal plate such asaluminum having no transparency can be used. A thickness of thesubstrate 13 is suitable to be within a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm,desirably 0.5 mm to 2 mm due to necessity of supporting mechanically theinformation recording medium 1 in total. In case that the informationrecording medium 1 is in disciform, the thickness of the substrate 13 isdesirable to be designed such that the total thickness of theinformation recording medium 1 including the substrate 13, the secondrecording layer 12Y, the second light transmitting layer 11Y, the firstrecording layer 12X, and the first light transmitting layer 11X becomes1.2 mm, for the purpose of interchangeability with a conventionaloptical disc.

The first recording layer 12X and the second recording layer 12Y is athin film layer that has a function of reading out information,recording or rewriting information. The first recording layer 12X andthe second recording layer 12Y is formed with the first microscopicpattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y respectively. Boththe first microscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Yare constituted by a plurality of raised portions “A1” through “A4”(hereinafter generically referred to as raised portion “A”) and aplurality of recessed portions “B1” through “B5” (hereinaftergenerically referred to as recessed portion “B”) respectively.Information is recorded on either one of a raised portion “A” and arecessed portion “B” as a record mark “M”. With respect to a materialfor the first recording layer 12X and the second recording layer 12Y, amaterial that is represented by a phase-change material of whichreflectivity or refractive index changes in a process of before andafter recording or both of reflectivity and refractive index change in aprocess of before and after recording, a dye material of whichrefractive index or a depth changes in a process of before and afterrecording or both of refractive index and depth change in a process ofbefore and after recording, or a material represented by amagneto-optical material, which produces a change of Kerr rotation anglein a process of before and after recording, can be used. In addition, itis acceptable for materials of the first recording layer 12X and thesecond recording layer 12Y that they are the same material as each otheror different materials from each other.

With respect to an actual example of phase change material, alloyscomposed of an element such as indium (In), antimony (Sb), tellurium(Te), selenium (Se), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), vanadium (V), gallium(Ga), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al),silicon (Si), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn) and arsenic (As) are used,wherein an alloy includes a compound such as oxide, nitride, carbide,sulfide and fluoride. Particularly, alloys composed of a system such asGe—Sb—Te system, Ag—In—Te—Sb system, Cu—Al—Sb—Te system and Ag—Al—Sb—Tesystem are suitable for the first and second recording layers 12X and12Y. These alloys can contain one or more elements as a micro additiveelement within a range of more than 0.01 atomic % to less than 10 atomic% in total. Such a micro additive element is selected out of Cu, Ba, Co,Cr, Ni, Pt, Si, Sr, Au, Cd, Li, Mo, Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na, Cs, Ga, Pd, Bi,Sn, Ti, V, Ge, Se, S, As, Tl and In.

With respect to an actual example of dye material, porphyrin dye,cyanine dye, phthalocyanine dye, naphthalocyanine dye, azo dye,naphthoquinone dye, fulgide dye, polymethine dye and acridine dye can beused.

With respect to an actual example of magneto-optical material, alloyscomposed of an element such as terbium (Tb), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe),gadolinium (Gd), chromium (Cr), neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), bismuth(Bi), palladium (Pd), samarium (Sm), holmium (Ho), praseodymium (Pr),manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium(Lu) and tin (Sn) can be used, wherein an alloy includes a compound suchas oxide, nitride, carbide, sulfide and fluoride. Particularly,constituting an alloy of a transition metal, which is represented byTbFeCo, GdFeCo and DyFeCo, with rare earth element is preferable.

Further, the first and second recording layers 12X and 12Y can beconstituted by using an alternate lamination layer of cobalt (Co) andplatinum (Pt).

In order to bring out maximal performance from the first and secondrecording layers 12X and 12Y, they can be accompanied by various kindsof dielectric materials or reflective materials. Constituting the firstand second recording layers 12X and 12Y by laminating these materialsthereon results in improving reflectivity, recording sensitivity,reproduction modulation amplitude, deterioration of reproducing light,and storage stability. An actual example will be explained later.

When recording on and reproducing from the second recording layer 12Y,the recording and reproducing is conducted through the first recordinglayer 12X. Consequently, it is necessary for the first recording layer12X to be that its transmittance at wavelength λ of reproducing light isrelatively high and to be in semitransparent. The necessity results inreducing its thickness, so that its material is essential to haverelatively higher reflectivity.

Further, reproducing light passes through the first recording layer 12Xand is reflected by the second recording layer 12Y, and then returnsback to an apparatus for reproducing. Therefore, reflectivity of thesecond recording layer 12Y is essential to be high to some degree.

With respect to an optimal value that satisfies the above-mentionedrequirement when a phase-change material is selected for both the firstand second recording layers 12X and 12Y, transmittance of the firstrecording layer 12X is 40% to 60%, reflectivity of the first recordinglayer 12X is 0.5% to 10%, and reflectivity of the second recording layer12Y alone is 5% to 40%. Consequently, reflectivity of the secondrecording layer 12Y, which is observed through the first recording layer12X, is 0.8% to 14%.

Accordingly, reflectivity that is observed at an apparatus forreproducing is approximately the same order for both the first andsecond recording layers 12X and 12Y, so that recording and reproducingtwo information surfaces is enabled by switching focusing on eitherinformation surfaces.

Further, an excellent reproduction characteristic that maintains anerror rate of less than 4×10⁻⁴ can be obtained even when jitter of arecord mark “M” decreases and the information recording medium 1inclines.

With respect to a method of forming the first and second recordinglayers 12X and 12Y, a film forming method such as a vapor phase filmforming method and a liquid phase film forming method can be used. As atypical example of the vapor phase film forming method, such methods asvacuum deposition of resister heating type or electron beam type, directcurrent sputtering, high frequency sputtering, reactive sputtering, ionbeam sputtering, ion plating and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can beused.

Further, with respect to a typical example of the liquid phase filmforming method, there is existed a spin coating method and a dipping anddrawing up method.

The first and second light transmitting layers 11X and 11Y have afunction of conducting converged reproducing light to the first andsecond recording layers 12X and 12Y with keeping the convergedreproducing light in less optical distortion. For example, in order tosuppress reduction of the reproducing light, a material of whichbirefringence that is a total of the first and second light transmittinglayers 11X and 11Y is less than ±100 nm, preferably ±50 nm by 90-degree(vertical) incident double paths is used for the first and second lighttransmitting layers 11X and 11Y.

Further, such a material that total transmittance of the first andsecond light transmitting layers 11X and 11Y at a wavelength λ of thereproducing light becomes more than 70%, preferably more than 80% issuitably used for the first and second light transmitting layers 11X and11Y.

A thickness of the first light transmitting layer 11X is desirable to beless than 0.12 mm in view of suppressing coma aberration when theinformation recording medium 1 is inclined.

Further, in view of preventing the first recording layer 12X from beingscratched, the thickness is desirable to be more than 0.05 mm. In otherwords, the desirable thickness is within a range of 0.05 mm to 0.12 mm.More desirably, the thickness is within a range of 0.07 mm to 0.10 mm.

Furthermore, scattering of thickness in a single plain is desirable tobe ±0.003 mm maximum in view of spherical aberration, because an NA ofobjective lens is relatively large. Particularly, in case that an NA ofthe objective lens is more than 0.85, the scattering of thickness in asingle plain is desirable to be less than ±0.002 mm.

Moreover, in case that an NA of the objective lens is 0.9, thescattering of thickness in a single plain is desirable to be less than±0.001 mm.

With respect to a thickness of the second light transmitting layer 11Y,the thickness is desirable to be more than 0.02 mm in order to preventinter-layer crosstalk when reproducing both the first and secondrecording layers 12X and 12Y, and to prevent the first recording layer12X from accidental erasure when recording and reproducing the secondrecording layer 12Y. In other words, the thickness is desirable to bemore than 0.01 mm as a limit for preventing interference betweenrespective auxiliary information and reference clock that are obtainedfrom the first and second recording layers 12X and 12Y, which appear ina differential signal when reading out the auxiliary information and thereference clock, will be detailed later.

Further, the thickness is desirable to be more than 0.02 mm as a limitfor preventing interference between recording signals from both thefirst and second recording layers 12X and 12Y, which appear in a totalsum signal when reading out the recording signals, will be detailedlater.

Furthermore, since recording and reproducing the second recording layer12Y is conducted through the first recording layer 12X, informationrecorded on the first recording layer 12X is easily erased by recordinglight or reproducing light. Consequently, the thickness is desirable tobe more than 0.015 mm as a limit for preventing the accidental erasure.

In summing up the above-mentioned conditions, a thickness of the secondlight transmitting layer 11Y is desirable to be more than 0.02 mm.

In a reproducing apparatus and a recording apparatus, which will bementioned later, an optical length is adjusted so as to minimizespherical aberration corresponding to the first recording layer 12X andthe second recording layer 12Y. An optical length is desirable to beless than 0.04 mm as a limit for a range of adjustment.

Accordingly, a thickness of the second light transmitting layer 11Y ismost desirable to be within a range of 0.02 mm to 0.04 mm.

With respect to a material for constituting the first light transmittinglayer 11X and the second light transmitting layer 11Y, a synthetic resinsuch as polycarbonate, polymethyle methacrylate, cellulose tri-acetate,cellulose di-acetate, polystyrene, copolymer of polycarbonate andpolystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, alicyclic polyolefin and polymethylepentene can be used.

Further, a material having higher stiffness so as to have a function ofprotecting the second recording layer 12Y mechanically and chemicallycan be used. For example, an energy ray curable resin such as aultraviolet ray curable resin, a visible ray curable resin and anelectron beam curable resin, a thermosetting resin, a transparentceramic such as soda lime glass, soda aluminosilicate glass,borosilicate glass and silica glass can be suitably used.

Furthermore, the first light transmitting layer 11X and the second lighttransmitting layer 11Y is not necessary to be a single layerrespectively. They can be composed of multi-layers of differentmaterials.

With referring to FIG. 2, the first and second microscopic patterns 20Xand 20Y that are one of major features of the present invention areexplained next. As mentioned above, microscopically, the firstmicroscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y iscomposed of a continuous substance of approximately parallel grooves.However, macroscopically, the continuous substance can be in a shape ofnot only linear but also coaxial or spiral.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the information recording mediumshown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, symbol signs “P” and “S” are a pitch betweenadjoining two recessed portions “B2” and “B3” and a spot diameter ofreproducing light beam respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, a raisedportion “A” of the first microscopic pattern 20X or the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y corresponds to the raised portion “A” shown inFIG. 1 and a recessed portion “B” of the first microscopic pattern 20Xor the second microscopic pattern 20Y corresponds to the recessedportion “B” shown in FIG. 1.

Further, the raised portion “A” and the recessed portion “B” can bewobbled, will be mentioned later. However, centerlines of the raisedportion “A” and the recessed portion “B” are formed in parallel to eachother. In FIG. 2 and succeeding drawings FIGS. 3 to 10, a width of theraised portion “A” and a width of the recessed portion “B” isillustrated in different width in each drawing. However, it isunderstood that the width is not limited to one specific width,basically.

Furthermore, in case that a user records data in the informationrecording medium 1, the data are recorded only on either one of theraised portion “A” and the recessed portion “B”. Accurately, the dataare recorded on a portion corresponding to either one of the raisedportion “A” and the recessed portion “B” in either the first recordinglayer 12X or the second recording layer 12Y. Selecting either the raisedportion “A” or the recessed portion “B” is arbitrary. However, it isdesirable for selecting the raised portion “A” or the recessed portion“B” to maintain at least a same selection result of either the raisedportion “A” or the recessed portion “B” even in any place in eachrecording layer. In case of recording on different portions by a place,it is hard to reproduce continuously and resulted in degrading arecording capacity substantially.

Moreover, it is acceptable that a selection result of the firstrecording layer 12X is different from that of the second recording layer12Y. However, these selection results are desirable to be the same inorder to make an operation of apparatus for reproducing and an apparatusfor recording easier and to simplify their circuitry.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the information recording medium 1 shown inFIG. 1 exhibiting an example of recording that is conducted only onraised portions “A” of the first recording layer 12X or the secondrecording layer 12Y. As shown in FIG. 3, a record mark “M” is recordedonly on the raised portions “A1” through “A4” not on the recessedportions “B1” through “B5”, which constitute the first microscopicpattern 21X and the second microscopic pattern 21Y. The record mark “M”is recorded by a mark position recording method or a mark edge recordingmethod.

A signal, which is used for recording, is a modulation signal that is aso-called (d, k) code, which is defined as that a minimum mark length is“d+1” and a maximum mark length is “k+1”, wherein either a fixed lengthcode or a variable length code can be applied for a (d, k) modulationsignal. Actually, with defining that a minimum mark length is 2 T, a (d,k) modulation such as (1, 7) modulation, 17PP modulation, DRLmodulation, (1, 8) modulation and (1, 9) modulation can be used.

An example representing the (1, 7) modulation of the fixed length codeis the “D1, 7” modulation (that is disclosed in the Japanese PatentApplication No. 2001-80205 in the name of Victor company of Japan,Limited). The “D1, 7” modulation can be replaced by the (1, 7)modulation or the (1, 9) modulation, which is based on the “D4, 6”modulation of the fixed length code (that is disclosed in the JapanesePatent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2000-332613). The 17PPmodulation is one of the (1, 7) modulation of the variable length codeand disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-open PublicationNo. 11-346154/1999.

Further, the (2, 7) modulation and the (2, 8) modulation, which are thevariable length code with defining the minimum mark length as 3 T, theEFM modulation, the EFM plus modulation, and the “D8-15” modulation(that is disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-openPublication No. 2000-286709) as the (2, 10) modulation of the fixedlength code can be used.

Furthermore, a modulation system, which defines the minimum mark lengthas 4 T such as the (3, 17) modulation, and another modulation system,which defines the minimum mark length as 5 T such as the (4, 21)modulation, can be used.

A raised portion “A”, hereupon, is defined as a portion that appears tobe raised with observing from an irradiating direction of reproducinglight or recording light. In other words, with observing from the firstlight transmitting layer 11X, a raised portion “A” is a portion thatappears to be raised.

On the contrary, a recessed portion “B” is defined as a portion thatappears to be recessed with observing from an irradiating direction ofreproducing light or recording light. In other words, with observingfrom the first light transmitting layer 11X, a recessed portion “B” is aportion that appears to be recessed.

In FIG. 3, with defining that a distance between adjoining two recessedportions “B2” and “B3” is a pitch “P” (in the same way, a distancebetween adjoining two raised portions “A1” and “A2” is also defined asthe pitch “P”), the pitch “P” is designated so as to satisfy a relationof P≦S, wherein “S” is a spot diameter of reproducing light. The spotdiameter “S” is calculated by a wavelength λ of laser beam forreproducing and an NA of objective lens such as S=λ/NA. In other words,the pitch “P” satisfies a relation of P≦λ/NA.

In case of using a violaceous laser beam, its wavelength λ is within arange of 350 nm to 450 nm, and in case of using a high NA lens, its NAis 0.75 to 0.9. Consequently, a pitch “P” is set to be within a range of250 nm to 600 nm.

Further, in case of considering that a digital picture image of HDTV(High Definition Television) program is recorded for approximately twohours, more than 20 GB is necessary for a recording capacity.Consequently, the pitch “P” is desirable to be within a range of 250 nmto 450 nm. Particularly, in case that an NA is 0.85 to 0.9, the pitch“P” is more desirable to be 250 nm to 400 nm.

Furthermore, in case that a wavelength λ is 350 nm to 410 nm and also anNA is 0.85 to 0.9, the pitch “P” is most desirable to be 250 nm to 360nm.

A depth of recessed portion “B” is preferable to be λ/8n to λ/20n,wherein “n” is a refractive index at a wavelength λ of the first lighttransmitting layer 11X and the second light transmitting layer 11Y.Since a reflectivity of the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y is reduced a little due to existence of the firstmicroscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y, a depthof recessed portion “B” is desirable to be shallower. Less than λ/10n issuitable for the depth of recessed portion “B” as a limit for jitter ofa reproduced signal not to be deteriorated.

Further, an output of a differential signal increases in accordance witha depth of recessed portion “B” when tracking down a raised portion “A”or a recessed portion “B”. Consequently, more than λ/18n is suitable fora limiting value for enabling to track. In other words, a range of λ/10nto λ/18n is suitable for a depth of recessed portion “B”, and a mostsuitable range for the depth of recessed portion “B” is λ/11n to λ/16n.

As mentioned above, the information recording medium 1 according to theembodiment one of the present invention is such an information recordingmedium that is recorded on either a recessed portion “B” or a raisedportion “A” of the first recording layer 12X and the second recordinglayer 12Y. Therefore, recording is conducted with keeping a distance ofpitch “P” and resulted in decreasing the cross erase phenomenon.

Further, it is designed for the relation between the pitch “P” and thespot diameter “S” to be P≦S, so that decreasing recording density issuppressed.

A result of evaluation with respect to the cross erase phenomenon incomparison with a conventional information recording medium 100 isdepicted hereinafter. With respect to an information recording medium ofwhich second recording layer 12Y is formed by a phase change material, asecond track is recorded and reproduced, and the reproduced output ismeasured. Then, a first track and a third track is recorded ten timeseach with a signal having a frequency different from that recorded onthe second track, and an output from the second track is measured onceagain. With defining that an output difference between the outputsoriginally measured and secondary measured is a cross erase amount, across erase amount cause by conventional land-groove recording method is−5 dB. On the contrary, by the information recording medium 1 accordingto the embodiment one of the present invention, a cross erase amount isreduced to the order of −2 dB. In other words, by using the informationrecording medium 1 according to the embodiment one of the presentinvention, a cross erase phenomenon can be improved by 3 dB incomparison with the conventional land-groove recording method.

Further, a similar evaluation is conducted to an information recordingmedium of which second recording layer 12Y is formed by a dye material.By the conventional land-groove recording method, an output decreasesdrastically by 12 dB. On the contrary, by the information recordingmedium 1, an output decreases by 2 dB. In other words, by using theinformation recording medium 1, a cross erase phenomenon is improved byup to 10 dB in comparison with the conventional land-groove recordingmethod although a dye material is used for the information recordingmedium 1.

Furthermore, a similar evaluation is conducted to an informationrecording medium of which second recording layer 12Y is formed by amagneto-optical material. By the conventional land-groove recordingmethod, an output decreases by 4 dB. On the contrary, by the informationrecording medium 1 according to the embodiment one of the presentinvention, an output decreases by just 1 dB. In other words, by usingthe information recording medium 1, a cross erase phenomenon is improvedby up to 3 dB in comparison with the conventional land-groove recordingmethod although a magneto-optical material is used for the informationrecording medium 1.

Moreover, such an effect of improving the cross erase phenomenon isrecognized in not only the second recording layer 12Y but also the firstrecording layer 12X.

In addition thereto, such an effect is recognized by any of phase changematerial, dye material and magneto-optical material to be used for thefirst and second recording layers 12X and 12Y.

The information recording medium 1 according to the embodiment one ofthe present invention is such an information recording medium that isrecorded with information on either a recessed portion “B” or a raisedportion “A” of the first recording layer 12X and the second recordinglayer 12Y. It is studied that either portion is suitable for recordinginformation in view of reproduction, and founded that recording on araised portion “A” of both the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y decreases an error rate and is excellent in arewriting characteristic. In view of that a raised portion “A” isdisposed in a side closer to the first light transmitting layer 11X thana recessed portion “B”, and reproducing light and recording light isirradiated on the first light transmitting layer 11X, it is consideredthat thermal flow of a material constituting the first and secondrecording layers 12X and 12Y is suppressed to some degree in an area ofraised portion “A”.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the information recording medium 1according to the embodiment one of the present invention exhibiting astate of recording and reproducing the first recording layer 12X. InFIG. 4, an apparatus for recording and another apparatus for reproducingis illustrated by an objective lens 50 b as a representative of them. Alaser beam 89 is emitted through the objective lens 50 b of theapparatus for recording when recording. The laser beam 89 is convergedselectively on a raised portion “A” of the first microscopic pattern 20Xin the information recording medium 1 with respect to the horizontaldirection. With respect to the vertical direction, the laser beam 89 isconverged selectively on the first recording layer 12X through the firstlight transmitting layer 11X.

Further, a record mark “M” is recorded on a portion where the laser beam89 is converged on. In other words, recording is selectively conductedto the first recording layer 12X corresponding to a raised portion “A”.

As mentioned above, in case that the first recording layer 12X is formedby a phase change material, the recording hereupon is conducted bychange of reflectivity, change of refractive index, or change of both ofthem. In case of being formed by a magneto-optical material, therecording is conducted by change of Kerr rotation angle.

Further, in case of a dye material, the recording is conducted by changeof refractive index, change of depth, or change of both of them.

On the other hand, when reproducing, a laser beam 99 is emitted throughthe objective lens 50 b of the other apparatus for reproducing. Thelaser beam 99 is converged selectively on a raised portion “A” of thefirst microscopic pattern 21X in the information recording medium 1 withrespect to the horizontal direction.

Further, with respect to the vertical direction, the laser beam 99 isconverged selectively on the first recording layer 12X through the firstlight transmitting layer 11X. A record mark “M” is recorded selectivelyon the first recording layer 12X corresponding to a raised portion “A”.Consequently, a record mark “M” can be read out from a portion where thelaser beam 99 is converged on.

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the information recording medium 1according to the embodiment one of the present invention exhibiting astate of recording and reproducing the second recording layer 12Y. InFIG. 5, an apparatus for recording and another apparatus for reproducingis illustrated by an objective lens 50 b as a representative of them. Alaser beam 89 is emitted through the objective lens 50 b of theapparatus for recording when recording. The laser beam 89 is convergedselectively on a raised portion “A” of the second microscopic pattern20Y in the information recording medium 1 with respect to the horizontaldirection. With respect to the vertical direction, the laser beam 89 isconverged selectively on the second recording layer 12Y through thefirst light transmitting layer 11X, the first recording layer 12X, andthe second light transmitting layer 11Y.

Further, a record mark “M” is recorded on a portion where the laser beam89 is converged on. In other words, recording is selectively conductedto the second recording layer 12Y corresponding to a raised portion “A”.

On the other hand, when reproducing, a laser beam 99 is emitted throughthe objective lens 50 b of the other apparatus for reproducing. Thelaser beam 99 is converged selectively on a raised portion “A” of thesecond microscopic pattern 21Y in the information recording medium 1with respect to the horizontal direction.

Further, with respect to the vertical direction, the laser beam 99 isconverged selectively on the second recording layer 12Y through thefirst light transmitting layer 11X, the first recording layer 12X, andthe second light transmitting layer 11Y. A record mark “M” is recordedselectively on the second recording layer 12Y corresponding to a raisedportion “A”. Consequently, a record mark “M” can be read out from aportion where the laser beam 99 is converged on.

According to the embodiment one of the present invention, as mentionedabove, the information recording medium 1 is constituted such that thefirst microscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y isformed to be P≦λ/NA, wherein “P” is the pitch between adjoining tworecessed portions “B” or raised portions “A”, “λ” is a wavelength of alaser beam for recording or reproducing, and “NA” is a numericalaperture of an objective lens.

Further, recording is conducted to either one of a raised portion “A”and a recessed portion “B”. Consequently, an information recordingmedium recorded in high density can be obtained as well as reducing across erase phenomenon.

In addition thereto, according to the embodiment one of the presentinvention, an information recording medium that is low in error rate andexcellent in rewriting characteristic can be obtained by recordingselectively on a raised portion “A”.

A method of embedding an auxiliary information such as address and areference clock, which is a second object of the information recordingmedium 1 according to the embodiment one of the present invention, isexplained hereafter. The present invention is explained by specifying anembodiment in which recording is conducted on a raised portion “A”hereupon.

In a recording type information recording medium, it is required thatrecording is accurately conducted in an arbitrary position, which isrequested by a user. In the case of an optical disc according to theprior art, a pit is disposed across a constitution that is arranged witha recessed portion “B” and a raised portion “A” alternatively by cuttingthe constitution at each certain macroscopic interval (each interval ofthe order of milli) and the pit is defined as an address information.Consequently, a loss of capacity increases drastically.

Further, in case of a multi-layered transmittable type informationrecording medium, as mentioned above, there existed a problem such thatluminous energy for recording becomes uneven due to an address pitdisposed in the first recording layer 12X when recording in the secondrecording layer 12Y.

Furthermore, in the case of the recording type information recordingmedium, a relative speed between an information recording medium and anapparatus for recording, that is, a recording speed affects a recordingdensity and besides, signal quality. Therefore, a reference clock fordesignating a recording speed correctly is essential. In case that areference clock is provided in an apparatus for recording, a relativespeed can hardly be adjusted even though the relative speed is shiftedby various conditions. Consequently, it is desirable for the referenceclock to be provided inside an information recording medium.Particularly, the information recording medium 1 is in disciform and alinear velocity changes every moment in case of a recording mode by theCLV (Constant Linear Velocity) recording method. Therefore, it isessential for the reference clock to be provided inside the informationrecording medium 1. A reference clock can be constituted by a pit arraythat is called a clock pit. However, there existed another problem suchthat luminous energy for recording becomes uneven due to a pit arraydisposed in the first recording layer 12X by a reason similar to thereason mentioned above when recording in the second recording layer 12Y.

In order to solve the problems and satisfy the requirements mentionedabove, there provided a method for embedding an auxiliary informationand a reference clock in the information recording medium 1. Anauxiliary information is a data array that is used subsidiarily whenrecording in the first recording layer 12X and the second recordinglayer 12Y of the information recording medium 1 by a user. Actually, anauxiliary information is composed of at least an address information. Anaddress information exhibits an address that changes continuously by aposition of the information recording medium 1 and is data selected outfrom information such as absolute address allocated to the whole area ofthe information recording medium 1, relative address allocated to apartial area, track number, sector number, frame number, field number,and time information.

These address data sequentially change in the order of increment ordecrement in accordance with progress of a recording track such as araised portion “A”, for example. Consequently, the same address datanever exist in the plane of the first recording layer 12X or the secondrecording layer 12Y.

Further, it is desirable for an address to be allocated such that thesame address data common to the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y never exist. Because there is a possibility ofreproducing or recording a recording layer not intended if the sameaddress data exist in different information surfaces when reproducing orrecording by using an apparatus for reproducing or recording.

It is most desirable that address data are allocated so as to continuesequentially throughout the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y. For example, in case that the information recordingmedium 1 is in disciform, address data of “00001” through “20001” aresequentially allocated to the first recording layer 12X of theinformation recording medium 1 in such a manner as from an innermostcircumference toward an outermost circumference, and another addressdata of “20002” through “40002” are sequentially allocated to the secondrecording layer 12Y in such a manner as from an innermost circumferencetoward an outermost circumference. Consequently, it is apparent thataddress data allocated to the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y continue, so that managing address data in anapparatus for reproducing or recording is simplified.

With respect to a most desirable example for allocating address data,the address data of “00001” through “20001” are sequentially allocatedto the first recording layer 12X of the information recording medium 1in such a manner as from an innermost circumference toward an outermostcircumference, and the other address data of “20002” through “40002” aresequentially allocated to the second recording layer 12Y in such amanner as from an outermost circumference toward an innermostcircumference. In other words, the address data allocated to the firstrecording layer 12X continue sequentially to the other address dataallocated to the second recording layer 12Y.

Further, these address data are connected at a point in the outermostcircumference of the information recording medium 1. That is to say,when reproducing or recording continuously over the information surfacesof the first recording layer 12X and the second recording layer 12Y, aconnecting point is just one, so that the information surfaces can bechanged over in an extremely short period of time.

Furthermore, circuitry of an apparatus for reproducing or recording canbe simplified.

It is acceptable that an address information can be accompanied by aspecific information, which is composed of a small amount of data. Aspecific information is common data in each plain of the first recordinglayer 12X and the second recording layer 12Y. Such a specificinformation is at least selected out from, for example, type of aninformation recording medium, size of the information recording medium,estimated recording capacity of the information recording medium,estimated recording linear density of the information recording medium,estimated recording linear velocity of the information recording medium,track pitch of the information recording medium, code for exhibiting anumber of recording layers of the information recording medium whetherit is one or two, code exhibiting a recording layer being reproducedwhether it is a first recording layer 12X or a second recording layer12Y, recording strategic information such as peak power, bottom power,erase power, and pulse period, reproduction power information,manufacturer's information, production number, lot number or batchnumber, control number, copyright related information, key forciphering, key for deciphering, ciphered data, recording permissioncode, recording refusal code, reproducing permission code, andreproducing refusal code.

Further, an auxiliary information is such information that, for example,is described by the decimal number system or the hexadecimal notationand converted into the binary number system such as a BCD (Binary-CodedDecimal) code and a gray code.

Furthermore, the auxiliary information can accompany an error correctingcode in order to prevent a data error.

In addition, a reference clock is provided for representing a pause of acertain period of time on a signal. Actually, a reference clock iscomposed of a single frequency that will be mentioned later.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a structure of the first microscopicpattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y, which are embeddedwith an auxiliary information and a reference clock, of the informationrecording medium 1 according to the embodiment one of the presentinvention. Each of the first microscopic pattern 20X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y is composed of a raised portion “A” and arecessed portion “B” respectively.

Further, the raised portion “A” and the recessed portion “B” is formedby being wobbled. In other words, both an auxiliary information and areference clock are recorded by a wobbling groove. In FIG. 6, thedrawing is illustrated such that an auxiliary information and areference clock are recorded by wobbling a raised portion “A”.

Furthermore, both the first microscopic pattern 20X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y are divided into at least two areasmacroscopically, and composed of at least an auxiliary information area200 and a reference clock area 300. As mentioned above, each of theauxiliary information area 200 and the reference clock area 300 iswobbled respectively. By a wobbling groove, an auxiliary information isrecorded in the auxiliary information area 200 and a reference clock isrecorded in the reference clock area 300. These areas are continuouslyformed without being interrupted, so that continuous reproduction can beconducted. FIG. 6 is illustrated such that only two areas of theauxiliary information area 200 and the reference clock area 300 areallocated. However, this alternative allocation of the auxiliaryinformation area 200 and the reference clock area 300 is repeated andconstitutes whole area of the first microscopic pattern 20X and thesecond microscopic pattern 20Y of the information recording medium 1.

Moreover, in FIG. 5, both of the auxiliary information area 200 and thereference clock area 300 are formed on a raised portion “A” as a mostpreferable example. How ever, it is essential that one of the auxiliaryinformation area 200 and the reference clock area 300 is formed on arecessed portion “B” if the other one of the auxiliary information area200 and the reference clock area 300 is formed on a recessed portion“B”.

As mentioned above, by forming the auxiliary information area 200 andthe reference clock area 300 on the same shaped portion, that is, araised portion “A” or a recessed portion “B”, an auxiliary informationand a reference clock can be reproduced continuously.

The auxiliary information 200 is composed of a waveform that ismodulated digital data hereupon. Actually, the waveform is composed ofany one of an amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250 (250, 251, and252), a frequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 (260, 261, and 262)and a phase-shift keying modulation wave 270 (270, 271, and 272) or anyone of them that are transformed. FIG. 6 exemplifies particularly thatthe auxiliary information 200 is the frequency-shift keying modulationwaveform 260 (260, 261, and 262).

Although these modulation methods will be detailed later, in theamplitude-shift keying modulation method, digital data of an auxiliaryinformation are expressed such as “1” or “0” by a fundamental wavewhether or not the fundamental wave is existed. In the case of thefrequency-shift keying modulation method, digital data of an auxiliaryinformation are expressed such as “1” or “0” by a frequency of afundamental wave whether the frequency is higher or lower. In the caseof the phase-shift keying modulation method, digital data of anauxiliary information are expressed such as “1” or “0” by a differenceof phase angular of a fundamental wave. It is possible to record anauxiliary information such as an address more efficiently and toallocate the reference clock area 200 relatively longer by adoptingthese modulation methods. Being able to allocate the reference clockarea 200 longer enables to detect a reference clock for a long period oftime when recording the information recording medium 1, so that stablerecording can be conducted.

A fundamental wave of these modulation methods hereupon can be selectedout from a sinusoidal wave (or cosine wave), a triangular wave, and arectangular wave. In case that a sinusoidal wave (cosine wave) isselected out from them, a harmonic component can be minimized whenreproducing, and resulted in improving power efficiency and suppressinga jitter. Consequently, a sinusoidal wave (cosine wave) is suitable fora fundamental wave.

In addition thereto, a signal waveform formed by any of these modulationmethods is recorded geometrically as a wobbling sidewall of raisedportion “A”.

On the other hand, the reference clock area 300 is composed of asingle-frequency wave 350 that is continuously repeated. Since thefrequency is single, it is possible to generate a frequency in responseto a number of revolutions by making the information recording medium 1move relatively while reproducing. Consequently, a reference clock canbe produced. The reference clock can be used for revolution control whenrecording.

Further, a fundamental wave having a single frequency is composed of anyone of a sinusoidal wave (cosine wave), a triangular wave, and arectangular wave. In case that a sinusoidal wave (cosine wave) isselected out from them, a harmonic component can be minimized whenreproducing, and resulted in improving power efficiency and suppressinga jitter. Consequently, a sinusoidal wave (cosine wave) is suitable fora fundamental wave.

In addition thereto, a signal waveform formed by any of these modulationmethods is recorded geometrically as a wobbling sidewall of raisedportion “A”.

As mentioned above, the first microscopic pattern 20X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y according to the present invention is composedof at least the auxiliary information area 200 and the reference clockarea 300. An auxiliary information and a reference clock are recordedcontinuously by a wobbling groove without interruption. These auxiliaryinformation and reference clock recorded on a sidewall of the raisedportion “A” in a shape of wobbling are read out from a differentialsignal by using a well-known 2-division or 4-division detector.Revolution control can be conducted by the read-out reference clockwhile recording, and further an information can be written in or erasedfrom a predetermined address by extracting an address information froman auxiliary signal.

In the information recording medium 1 according to the presentinvention, as mentioned above, an auxiliary information such as anaddress is recorded in a shape of wobbling groove, so that an additionalpit area is not required in comparison with a conventional informationrecording medium. Consequently, it is not necessary for the informationrecording medium 1 to reduce recording capacity for an additional pitarea.

Further, in case of a transmittable type multi-layer informationrecording medium, a pit area is not provided, so that luminous energy isnever reduced. Consequently, the second recording layer 12Y can berecorded by uniform luminous energy through the first recording layer12X.

It is desirable for reproduction that the auxiliary information area 200and the reference clock area 300 are in uniform length with each otherand allocated alternately. In case that a length is not uniform witheach other, it is not predicted that an auxiliary information such as anaddress or a reference clock can be detected at which timing whilereproducing. Consequently, confusions may occur. On the contrary, incase that each length is uniform and they are allocated alternately,arrival of a succeeding signal can be easily predicted once reproductionis enabled. Accordingly, a timing of obtaining an auxiliary informationand a reference clock is predicted by a logic circuit and the auxiliaryinformation and the reference clock can be reproduced in less error.

Further, the reference clock area 300 is an important signal forcontrolling a number of revolutions when reproducing the informationrecording medium 1, so that the reference clock area 300 is desirable tobe formed as long as possible. Actually, it is necessary for a ratio ofa length of the reference clock area 300 to a total length of theauxiliary information area 200 and the reference clock area 300 to bemore than 50%, desirably more than 60%. If the ratio is less than thevalue mentioned above, a reference clock can only be obtained for ashort period of time. Consequently, revolution control is conductedintermittently and a reproduction operation becomes unstable. In a worstcase, mismatching occurs in a logic circuit for reproducing and theoperation is resulted in interrupting the reproduction.

It is acceptable that a shape of fundamental waveform and an amount ofamplitude of these two areas are different from each other. However,they are desirable to be the same in view of simplification andstabilization of a recording circuit and a reproducing circuit.

With respect to a frequency, in case that the auxiliary information area200 is formed with the amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250 or thephase-shift keying modulation wave 270, it is acceptable that afrequency of the amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250 or thephase-shift keying modulation wave 270 is different from a frequency ofthe single-frequency wave 350 of the reference clock area 300. However,in case of the same frequency, the recording circuit and the reproducingcircuit can be simplified drastically. Consequently, the same frequencyis desirable. Their frequencies are desirable to be at least related to“integral multiples” or “one over an integer”.

Further, in case that an auxiliary information of the auxiliaryinformation area 200 is formed by the frequency-shift keying modulationwave 260, it is acceptable that two frequencies constituting thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 are different from afrequency of the single-frequency wave 350 of the reference clock area300. However, in case that one of the two frequencies constituting thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 is the same as the frequencyof the single-frequency wave 350, a physical length utilized forextracting a clock can be extended slightly. Consequently, the samefrequency is desirable. These three frequencies are desirable to berelated to “integral multiples” or “one over an integer” respectively inview of simplifying a recording circuit and a reproducing circuit.

Furthermore, it is also acceptable that a start-bit signal, a stop-bitsignal and a sync signal is recorded as a wobbling groove at theboundary between the auxiliary information area 200 and the referenceclock area 300 in order to clarify the division of them. With respect tosuch a signal, a single-frequency wave having a predetermined period anda predetermined frequency can be used. However, the predeterminedfrequency is essential to be at least different from the frequency ofthe single-frequency wave 350 that constitutes the reference clock area300. It is most desirable that the predetermined frequency is differentfrom any frequency constituting the single-frequency wave 350, theamplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250, the frequency-shift keyingmodulation wave 260, or the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270.

As mentioned above, the information recording medium 1 according to theembodiment one of the present invention can be in any shape such asdisciform, card and tape. Consequently, the first microscopic pattern20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y that is composed ofapproximately parallel grooves can also be in any shape such as spiral,coaxial and line. In case that the information recording medium 1 is indisciform and the first microscopic pattern 20X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y is recorded spirally, the raised portion “A” andthe recessed portion “B” is recorded by a recording method such as theconstant angular velocity (CAV), the constant linear velocity (CLV), thezone constant angular velocity (ZCAV) and the zone constant linearvelocity (ZCLV) recording methods, wherein the ZCAV and the ZCLVrecording methods are a method that forms zones, which vary by radius,and conducts a different controlling system independent of each zone. Incase that the information recording medium 1 is recorded by the CLVrecording method, for example, a same linear velocity is maintained inthe whole area of the information recording medium 1.

Further, in case of recording by the ZCAV recording method, the CLVrecording method is conducted in one zone and a controlling systemsimilar to the CAV recording method is conducted in the informationrecording medium 1 totally.

Furthermore, in case of recording by the ZCLV recording method, the CAVrecording method is conducted in one zone and a controlling systemsimilar to the CAV recording method is conducted in the informationrecording medium 1 totally.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view of the reference clock area 300 in theinformation recording medium 1 on the basis of recording on a raisedportion “A” through the CLV recording method. In case that recording isconducted on a portion corresponding to a raised portion “A” of thefirst recording layer 12X and the second recording layer 12Y, anauxiliary information or a reference clock is essential to be extractedfrom the raised portion “A”. Consequently, a single-frequency wave 350to be a reference clock must be recorded on the raised portion “A”. Inview of that recording light scan along a centerline not shown of theraised portion “A”, both sidewalls of the raised portion “A” areessential to be parallel to each other. In other words, three raisedportions “A1” through “A3” (hereinafter generically referred to asraised portion “A”) and two recessed portions “B1” and “B2” (hereinaftergenerically referred to as recessed portion “B”) are illustrated in FIG.7.

Further, in FIG. 7, a sidewall of the inner circumferential side of theraised portion “A2” or “A3” is shown as “A2 i” or “A3 i” (hereinaftergenerically referred to as inner sidewall “Ai”) and another sidewall ofthe outer circumferential side of the raised portion “A1” or “A2” isshown as “A1 o” or “A2 o” (hereinafter generically referred to as outersidewall “Ao”).

Further, a side wall of the outer circumferential side of the recessedportion “B1” or “B2” is shown as “B1 i” or “B2 i” (hereinaftergenerically referred to as inner sidewall “Bi”) and another sidewall ofthe outer circumferential side of the recessed portion “B1” and “B2” isshown as “B1 o” or “B2 o” (hereinafter generically referred to as outersidewall “Bo”). The inner sidewall “Ai” of the raised portion “A” andthe outer sidewall “Bo” of the recessed portion “B” represents the samewall, and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raised portion “A” and theinner sidewall “Bi” of the recessed portion “B” represents the same wallhereupon.

Furthermore, a reference clock is recorded on the raised portion “A” asa sinusoidal-wave signal through the CLV recording method. Therefore, asshown in FIG. 7, three raised portions “A1” through “A3” are notparallel to each other in almost all cases. However, in order to extracta sinusoidal-wave signal accurately with avoiding interference from bothsidewalls caused by a phase shift of each sidewall, the inner sidewall“Ai” and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raised portion “A” are essentialto be always formed in parallel to each other. From a point of viewcontrary to this, it is represented such that the inner sidewall “Bi”and the outer sidewall “Bo” constituting the recessed portion “B”, whichis the other portion than the raised portion “A”, are never in parallelto each other.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of the reference clock area 300 in theinformation recording medium 1 on the basis of recording on a raisedportion “A” through the CAV recording method. In case that theinformation recording medium 1 is recorded by the CAV recording method,a same angular velocity is maintained in a whole area of the informationrecording medium 1. By this CAV recording method, the wobbling raisedportion “A” and the recessed portion “B” can always be in parallel toeach other completely, so that a crosstalk amount between adjoininggrooves becomes constant at all times. Consequently, ideal reproductionthat can suppress output fluctuation of wobbling frequency andfluctuation in a time axis direction can be conducted. In other words,as shown in FIG. 8, each raised portion “A” becomes in parallel to eachother and at the same time each recessed portion “B” also becomes inparallel to each other due to the characteristic of angular velocity.Three raised portions “A1” through “A3” (hereinafter genericallyreferred to as raised portion “A”) and two recessed portions “B1” and“B2” (hereinafter generically referred to as recessed portion “B”) areillustrated in FIG. 8. In FIG. 8, a sidewall of the innercircumferential side of the raised portion “A2” or “A3” is shown as “A2i” or “A3 i” (hereinafter generically referred to as inner sidewall“Ai”) and another sidewall of the outer circumferential side of theraised portion “A1” or “A2” is shown as “A1 o” or “A2 o” (hereinaftergenerically referred to as outer sidewall “Ao”).

Further, a side wall of the outer circumferential side of the recessedportion “B1” or “B2” is shown as “B1 i” or “B2 i” (hereinaftergenerically referred to as inner sidewall “Bi”) and another sidewall ofthe outer circumferential side of the recessed portion “B1” or “B2” isshown as “B1 o” or “B2 o” (hereinafter generically referred to as outersidewall “Bo”). The inner sidewall “Ai” of the raised portion “A” andthe outer sidewall “Bo” of the recessed portion “B” represents the samewall, and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raised portion “A” and theinner sidewall “Bi” of the recessed portion “B” represents the same wallhereupon.

As mentioned above, in case of recording on a raised portion “A” of thefirst recording layer 12X or the second recording layer 12Y, forexample, a clock is essential to be extracted from the raised portion“A”. Therefore, the single-frequency wave 350 to be a reference clock isrecorded on the raised portion “A”. The clock is recorded by the CAVrecording method, so that the three raised portions “A1” through “A3”are completely in parallel to each other as shown in FIG. 8. At the sametime, the recessed portion “B” that is the rest portion other than theraised portion “A” is also in parallel to each other perfectly. In otherwords, in order to extract a sinusoidal-wave signal accurately, theinner sidewall “Ai” and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raised portion“A” are essential to be always formed in parallel to each other.However, in the case of recording by the CAV recording method, the innersidewall “Bi” and the outer sidewall “Bo” of the recessed portion “B” isalso formed to be in parallel to each other.

In either recording method of the CLV and the CAV, both the sidewallsconstituting the raised portion “A”, that is, the inner sidewall “Ai”and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raised portion “A” are essential tobe in parallel to each other.

Further, particularly in the case of recording by the CAV recordingmethod, not only the raised portion “A” but also both the sidewalls “Bi”and “Bo” constituting the recessed portion “B” are in parallel to eachother. In other words, the inner sidewall “Ai” and the outer sidewall“Ao” of the raised portion “A” and the inner sidewall “Bi” and the outersidewall “Bo” of the recessed portion “B” are all in parallel to eachother.

The shape of the sidewall of the reference clock area 300 in the firstmicroscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Y recordedspirally in the information recording medium 1 in disciform is mentionedabove. This situation is exactly the same as for the auxiliaryinformation area 200 due to a similar reason for the reference clockarea 300. In other words, in either recording method of the CLV and theCAV, both the sidewalls constituting the raised portion “A”, that is,both the inner sidewall “Ai” and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raisedportion “A” are essential to be in parallel to each other. In theinformation recording medium 1 according to the present invention, theauxiliary information area 200 and the reference clock area 300 iscontinuously formed without interruption, so that both sidewallsconstituting the raised portion “A”, that is, the inner sidewall “Ai”and the outer sidewall “Ao” of the raised portion “A” are formed inparallel to each other in any area on the information recording medium1.

While referring to FIG. 9, a wobbling amount Δ of a wobbling groove thatis formed in the information recording medium 1 according to theembodiment one of the present invention is explained next.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged plan view of the first microscopic pattern 20X andthe second microscopic pattern 20Y formed by the CLV recording method inthe information recording medium 1 according to the embodiment one ofthe present invention. The first microscopic pattern 20X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y is composed of the auxiliary information area200 and the reference clock area 300, which are formed with afundamental wave based on the sinusoidal wave or the cosine wave andcontinue without interruption. In FIG. 9, a centerline of wobblinggroove is shown by a chain line. A distance between two chain lines,which are adjacent to each other, is defined as a pitch “P”.

Further, the information recording medium 1 shown in FIG. 9 is assumedto be recorded on a raised portion “A” and a spot of reproducing lightbeam or a recording light beam that focuses on the raised portion “A” isshown by a circle in doted line. The spot diameter is exhibited by “S”,that is equal to “λ/NA”, as mentioned above.

Furthermore, the raised portion “A” wobbles and its wobbling width Δ inpeak to peak value is shown by two doted lines.

Moreover, in case that the information recording medium 1 is indisciform, a wobbling direction corresponds to a radial direction of thedisc-shaped information recording medium 1.

An apparatus for reproducing the information recording medium 1 canextract a wobbling amplitude of the auxiliary information area 200 andthe reference clock area 300 as a signal through a reproducing lightspot without interruption. In other words, by producing a differentialsignal from reflected light of the reproducing light spot, asingle-frequency wave 350, a amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250,a frequency-shift keying modulation wave 260, or a phase-shift keyingmodulation wave 270, which is based on a sinusoidal wave, can bedirectly extracted as a signal of similar figure. More accurately, atrack direction of wobbling groove is transformed into a time axisdirection, and further a radial direction of the wobbling groove istransformed into an amplitude direction of reproduced signal, and thenthe single-frequency wave 350, the amplitude-shift keying modulationwave 250, the frequency-shift keying modulation wave 260, or thephase-shift keying modulation wave 270 is reproduced as the signal ofsimilar figure.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the informationrecording medium 1 of the embodiment one is formed with a wobblinggroove of which wobbling width Δ is within a range of Δ<P. In case thatthe information recording medium 1 is manufactured as mentioned above,adjacent tracks, that is, adjacent raised portions “A”, for example, donot contact with each other physically, so that crosstalk caused byrecording can be avoided.

Further, the inventors of the present invention made an experiment wherea phase change material is used for the first and second recordinglayers 12X and 12Y and recording is conducted by difference ofreflectivity, phase difference, or both of them. In other words, theinventors tried to reproduce an auxiliary information through adifferential signal detecting method from the information recordingmedium 1 that is recorded with random data by conducting a phase changerecording method. As a result of the experiment, a limit of enablingdetection of an auxiliary information is 0.01S≦Δ. In case of a groove ofwhich wobbling width Δ is formed to be less than 0.01S, random datacaused by the phase change recording method are superimposed as anextreme on an auxiliary information as a noise and an error rate of theauxiliary information drastically increases.

On the contrary, the wobbling width Δ is set to the limitation of0.01S≦Δ, an auxiliary information can be reproduced sufficiently even ina low reflectivity condition such as an amorphous state due to the phasechange recording method. However, in case of 0.15S<Δ, a jitter in timeaxis direction occurs in an auxiliary information signal and a referenceclock signal due to an affection of reproduction crosstalk caused by anadjacent groove, particularly, stability of the reference clock signalis deteriorated.

Accordingly, a relation between the wobbling width Δ and the pitch Pshall be Δ<P, particularly, conditions satisfying relations Δ<P and0.01S≦Δ≦0.15S are most suitable for forming a wobbling groove.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view of the first microscopic pattern 20Xand the second microscopic pattern 20Y of the information recordingmedium 1, wherein recording is conducted on the first recording layer12X and the second recording layer 12Y of the information recordingmedium 1 shown in FIG. 9. In FIG. 10, a record mark M is recorded on theraised portion “A” that is wobbled. The record mark M represents whethera modulated signal is ON or OFF. There provided various lengths ofrecord mark M as it will be explained later. As mentioned above, therecord mark M is formed on the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y. In case that the first recording layer 12X and thesecond recording layer 12Y is formed by a phase change material, arecord mark M is recorded by reflectivity and phase difference,difference of reflectivity, or phase difference.

A structure of how a shape of wobbling groove is reflected to adifferential signal is complemented hereupon.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged plan view of a photo-detector 9 that collectsreproducing light, which is irradiated on the information recordingmedium 1 and reflected. In case that the photo-detector 9 is a4-division detector, as shown in FIG. 11, the detector 9 is divided intofour elements in accordance with the radial direction and the tangentialdirection of the information recording medium 1. A differential signalcan be produced by subtracting each sum signal in the tangentialdirection. More accurately, with defining that the four elements are α,β, γ, and δ respectively, and further defining that electric currents,which are obtained from each of the elements α, β, γ, and δ when theyreceive light, are Iα, Iβ, Iγ and Iδ respectively, the differentialsignal can be represented by an equation “(Iα+Iβ)−(Iγ+Iδ)”. In otherwords, a signal to be obtained is a differential signal in the radialdirection. When an apparatus for reproducing the information recordingmedium 1 traces a center of groove, that is, the center of the chainline shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the differential signal is in a form ofobtaining an output difference in the radial direction with respect tothe centerline. Consequently, a wobbling shape can be reproduced as asignal that reflects the wobbling shape.

The total constitution of the information recording medium 1 accordingto the embodiment one of the present invention is detailed above. Theinformation recording medium 1 is, as mentioned above, formed with anauxiliary information including an address as a wobbling groove, so thata specific pit array is not necessary and luminous energy passingthrough the first recording layer 12X becomes constant in the wholeplane of the first recording layer 12X. Consequently, recording orreproducing the second recording layer 12Y through the first recordinglayer 12X can be conducted by constant luminous energy, so that stablerecording and reproducing can be realized.

Further, the reference clock area 300 composed of a reference clock by awobbling groove is allocated in succession to the auxiliary informationarea 200 that handles an auxiliary information continuously, so that aclock pit is not necessary. Consequently, recording or reproducing underconstant luminous energy can be realized as well as conducting stablerecording and reproducing at an optimum number of revolutions.

Furthermore, it is acceptable that the auxiliary information area 200 isconducted with not only recording on a sidewall by selecting onemodulation wave out of the amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250,the frequency-shift keying modulation wave 260, and the phase-shiftkeying modulation wave 270 but also time-division recording on eachsidewall in different areas by selecting two or three modulationmethods.

Moreover, it is also acceptable that the auxiliary information area 200is conducted with multiplex recording on a sidewall by selecting twomodulation methods and superimposing two modulation waves on the samearea.

A single-frequency wave can be superimposed on the amplitude-shiftkeying modulation wave 250, the frequency-shift keying modulation wave260, or the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270. In other words, withrespect to the amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250 and thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260, a wave having a samefrequency as a frequency that constitutes those modulation waves or adifferent frequency from frequencies of those modulation waves can besuperimposed and recorded.

Particularly, with respect to the frequency-shift keying modulation wave260, a wave having either a higher frequency or a lower frequency of thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 can be superimposed on thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260. Similarly, a wave having afrequency of “an integer multiple” or “one over an integer” of either ahigher frequency section or lower frequency section of thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 can be superimposed on thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260.

Further, with respect to the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270, awave having a frequency of “an integer multiple” or “one over aninteger” of the frequency constituting the phase-shift keying modulationwave 270 can be superimposed on the phase-shift keying modulation wave270.

In any case, by using a well-known band pass filter or phase detector,it is possible to separate a single-frequency wave and any of theamplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250, the frequency-shift keyingmodulation wave 260, and the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270 fromthe superimposed wave. For example, an experience is conducted withrespect to the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270. It is confirmedthat a single-frequency wave and a phase-shift keying modulation wavecan be separated as far as an amplitude ratio of the phase-shift keyingmodulation wave to the single-frequency wave is within a predeterminedrange of 1:5 to 5:1 while superimposing the single-frequency wave on thephase-shift keying modulation wave. In other words, in case that aninformation recording medium is manufactured as a trial by setting theamplitude ratio for out of the predetermined range, one wave havinglarger amplitude can be reproduced. However, the other wave havingsmaller amplitude can not be reproduced due to an excessively low signalto noise ratio (S/N).

In case of constituting that a single-frequency wave to be superimposedand the single-frequency wave 350 of the reference clock area 300 is thesame frequency, a reference clock can also be extracted form theauxiliary information area 200, so that it is more suitable forrecording by superimposing. That is to say, since a reference clockcontinues substantially although the auxiliary information area 200 isformed over a long distance, extremely stable recording can beconducted.

It is acceptable that an auxiliary information to be formed on asidewall of a raised portion “A” is highly discomposed and recorded withdistributed. By combining with dummy data “101”, for example,distributed recording is one recording method such that an auxiliaryinformation is recorded as a data array such as “101X”, wherein X iseither “0” or “1”, and the data array is allocated in each predeterminedinterval.

FIG. 12 is a first example showing a distributed recording of anauxiliary information. As shown in FIG. 12, the dummy data “101” as adata trigger “Tr” is allocated in the predetermined interval, at every11 bits herein, and an “X” is allocated in succession to the datatrigger “Tr”. In other words, by extracting only the “X” allocatedimmediately after the data trigger “Tr”, an auxiliary information can berestored. In this case, with defining that the “1” is data, theauxiliary information shown in FIG. 12 can be restored as a series ofdata that are composed of existing data (Data), none data (None) andexisting data (Data) in sequence, so that “101” can be reproduced as theauxiliary information. This recording method is effective for a formatthat is allowed to read a data array to be processed with spending alonger period of time. It is defined hereupon that one-bit data to beextracted at each predetermined interval is a “word” and an auxiliaryinformation is constituted by integrating a plurality of “words”.

Further, a variation of the recording method shown in FIG. 12 isexhibited in FIG. 13.

FIG. 13 is a second example showing a distributed recording of anauxiliary information. As shown in FIG. 13, a data trigger “Tr” and data“X” can be allocated with separating them in a predetermined bit ofinterval. In FIG. 13, the data trigger “Tr” is “11” and allocated atevery 11 bits. Data are recorded by “101” whether the “101” is existedor not in a predetermined interval. In other words, by extracting dataexisting in the fourth bit to the sixth bit, one-bit data can berestored. In this second example, data can be restored as a series ofdata composed of existing data (Data), none data (None) and existingdata (Data) in sequence, so that “101” is reproduced as the auxiliaryinformation. This recording method is effective for reducing erraticreadout because the data “X” is separated from the data trigger “Tr”.

Furthermore, with respect to a third example of the highly distributedrecording method, a first specific data pattern such as “11” isallocated or recorded at every predetermined interval. Then, a secondspecific data pattern such as “101” is allocated between the firstspecific patterns. A position at where the second specific pattern isallocated is advanced by a predetermined bit, distance or period withrespect to the first specific data pattern. Particularly, two positionsare allocated previously.

FIG. 14 is a third example of the highly distributed recording methodshowing a distributed recording of an auxiliary information. As shown inFIG. 14, a data trigger “Tr” or “11”, is allocated at everypredetermined interval, actually every 11 bits hereupon, as the firstspecific data pattern and a second specific data pattern “101” isallocated between the data triggers “Tr” or “11”. A position at wherethe second specific data pattern is allocated is provided with twopositions; one is within a range of the third bit to the fifth bit fromthe data trigger “Tr” or “11” and the other is within a range of thefifth bit to the seventh bit. Decoding is conducted by judging that thesecond specific data pattern is allocated in either position. In thecase of FIG. 14, the second specific data pattern “101” is sequentiallyallocated in the positions starting with the third bit, fifth bit andthird bit respectively, so that data or words “101” can be reproduced asan auxiliary information. This recording method is effective forensuring higher reliability to an auxiliary information because therecording method can add a parameter whether or not the data “101” canbe read out to one of standards for judging reliability.

In other words, data to be recorded in an auxiliary information area areat least composed of a data trigger that is allocated at everypredetermined interval and data allocated at a predetermined positionbetween the data triggers. The information recording medium 1 accordingto the present invention is recorded with an auxiliary information by arelative distance between the data trigger and the data or the secondspecific data pattern.

Moreover, in the description of the third example of the highlydistributed recording method mentioned above, the method of distributedrecording that is conducted by using a position difference between thefirst specific data pattern and the second specific data pattern isexplained. However, in case that a pattern, which is extremely high inreadout accuracy, can be provided, it is acceptable for both the firstspecific data pattern and the second specific data pattern to make theirpatterns the same pattern. In other words, decoding can be conducted byextracting a specific pattern having a shorter time interval from aspecific data pattern recorded at a predetermined time interval andmeasuring a distance interval or the time interval between the specificdata pattern and the specific pattern. With referring to FIG. 15,further details are explained next.

FIG. 15 is a fourth example showing a distributed recording of anauxiliary information. As shown in FIG. 15, a data trigger “Tr” or “11”is allocated at a predetermined interval, at every 11 bits hereupon, asa first specific data pattern, and a second specific data pattern “11”having the same pattern as the data trigger “Tr” is allocated betweenthe data triggers “Tr”. A position at where the second specific datapattern is allocated is provided with two positions; one is within arange of the third bit to the fifth bit from the data trigger “Tr” or“11” and the other is within a range of the fifth bit to the seventhbit. Decoding is conducted by judging that the second specific datapattern is allocated in either position. In the case of FIG. 15, thesecond specific data pattern “101” is sequentially allocated in thepositions starting with the third bit, fifth bit and third bitrespectively, so that data or words “101” can be reproduced as anauxiliary information. This recording method is advantageous to areproducing circuit to be simplified because the recording methodrequires only one specific data pattern.

The highly distributed recording method is explained above in severaltypes. According to these highly distributed recording methods, anauxiliary information is recorded as data that are decomposed into everyone bit. Actually, some bits of dummy data are prepared for a datatrigger “Tr” first, and a data array composed of continuing single datasuch as continuing zeros, for example, is prepared next. The datatrigger “Tr” is connected with the single data array so as for the datatrigger “Tr” to be allocated at every predetermined interval. Then, theauxiliary information that is decomposed into every one bit is recordedso as to convert a part of the single data array by a predeterminedrule. In other words, an auxiliary information is recorded by convertingdata allocated in a bit, which is advanced by a predetermined distancefrom the data trigger “Tr”, by the predetermined rule.

On the other hand, when reproducing the auxiliary information, all dataare once read out from a sidewall of raised portion “A” as a data arrayand a data trigger “Tr” that is allocated at every predeterminedinterval is detected from the data array. Then, one bit of data that isequivalent to a “Word” shown in FIGS. 12 to 15 is extracted from thedata array excluding the data trigger “Tr” with referring to thepredetermined rule. The auxiliary information is restored by integratingthe detected one-bit data.

The methods for recording in highly distributed and for reproducing aninformation recording medium according to the present invention areexplained above. In case of an auxiliary information, particularly, anaddress information, a plurality of zeros or ones may continue, so thatthere is existed a possibility of generating a DC component in a dataarray being read out. In order to eliminate such a possibility, it isacceptable that the data array is previously modulated by the base-bandmodulation method and recorded. In other words, there existed a methodsuch that a data array to be recorded on a sidewall of raised portion“A” by wobbling modulation is previously replaced with another codes soas to reduce a sequence of zeros and ones to a certain number or less.With respect to such a method, the method such as Manchester code, PE(phase encoding) modulation, MFM (modified frequency modulation), M2(Miller squared) modulation, NRZI (non return to zero inverted)modulation, NRZ (non return to zero) modulation, RZ (return to zero)modulation and differential modulation can be used independently or bycombining some of them together.

FIG. 16 is a table exhibiting data change before and after modulating abase-band.

With respect to a base-band modulation method, which is most suitablefor the information recording medium 1 of the present invention, thereis provided the Manchester code (biphase modulation) method. TheManchester code method is a method of applying two bits to each one bitof an original data to be recorded as shown in FIG. 16. That is, “00” or“11” is assigned to a data “0” to be recorded, and “01” or “10” to adata “1”.

Further, an inverted code of inverting a last code of preceding data isessentially applied to a head code of succeeding data when arranging thesucceeding data after the preceding data.

FIG. 17 is a table exhibiting an example of actual data change beforeand after modulating a base-band. As shown in FIG. 17, an original data“100001” is assigned to be a code array of “010011001101”. The originaldata contains a sequence of four “0”s and is an asymmetrical data inwhich an appearing probability of “0” is twice that of “1”. If such anasymmetrical data is modulated by the Manchester code method, a sequenceof “0” or “1” is only two maximally and the original data is convertedinto a symmetrical data having equal appearing probability of “0” and“1”. As mentioned above, the base-band modulation, which restricts asequence of same bits within a certain quantity, is effective toincrease stability of reading out data. Consequently, the base-bandmodulation method is suitable for pre-treatment for a long array ofauxiliary information.

An amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250 (250, 251 and 252), afrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 (260, 261 and 262) and aphase-shift keying modulation wave 270 (270, 271 and 272), which areused for the information recording medium 1 according to the embodimentone of the present invention as a wobbling groove modulation wave, areexplained next.

With referring to FIGS. 18 through 20, the amplitude-shift keyingmodulation waves 250, 251 and 252 are depicted.

FIG. 18 shows a first example of an amplitude-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention. FIG. 19 shows a secondexample of an amplitude-shift keying modulation waveform according tothe present invention. FIG. 20 shows a third example of anamplitude-shift keying modulation waveform according to the presentinvention.

As shown in FIG. 18, the amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250according to the present invention is geometrically recorded bymodulating data through the amplitude-shift keying modulation method andactually, constituted by an amplitude section 2501 and a non-amplitudesection 2500, wherein the amplitude section 2501 is formed by wobbling agroove in a predetermined period. In other words, the amplitude section2501 is a wobbling part of groove and the non-amplitude section 2500 isa non-wobbling part of groove.

Further, the amplitude section 2501 and the non-amplitude section 2500are corresponding to “1” and “0” of a data bit respectively. Theamplitude section 2501 is composed of a plurality of waves that continuemore than one cycle hereupon. A number of waves is not limited to aspecific cycle. However, if it is too many, length of the non-amplitudesection 2500 consequently becomes longer and resulting in that afundamental wave, which produces a gate when reproducing, is hardlydetected. Therefore, two to one hundred cycles, preferably three tothirty cycles are suitable for the number of waves of the amplitudesection 2501. As mentioned above, digital data (in case of FIG. 18, itis “10110”) is recorded by whether or not amplitude is existed. Thedifferential signal detecting method mentioned above can be used forreading out the recorded data.

Furthermore, it should be understood that the amplitude-shift keyingmodulation wave 250 according to the present invention does not limiteach length or each amplitude size of the amplitude section 2501 and thenon-amplitude section 2500 to specific figure. In the case of theamplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250 shown in FIG. 18, the lengthof the amplitude section 2501 is set to be longer than that of thenon-amplitude section 2500.

In FIG. 19, an amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 251 is constitutedby amplitude sections 2511 a through 2511 c and non-amplitude sections2511. Each amplitude of the amplitude sections 2511 a through 2511 c isunequal to each other. However, unequal amplitude is acceptable for theamplitude-shift keying modulation method.

Further, it is also acceptable that assigning each amplitude in multiplelevels intentionally realizes recording in multi-values more than threevalues.

Furthermore, in case of an amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 252shown in FIG. 20, each amplitude of amplitude sections 2521 is equal toeach other and each length of the amplitude sections 2521 is equal tothat of non-amplitude sections 2520. This configuration is alsoacceptable for the amplitude-shift keying modulation method.Particularly, in case that data are recorded in digital by the binaryvalue of “0” and “1”, an isotropic layout as shown in FIG. 20 isdesirable for the digital recording by the binary value. In other words,if each height of the amplitude sections 2521 is made equal to eachother and each length of the amplitude sections 2521 is made equal tothat of the non-amplitude sections 2520, judging “0” or “1” whenreproducing can be realized by sufficient threshold value of amplitude.

Moreover, data arranged in series can be read out by one thresholdvalue, so that a reproducing circuit can be simplified.

In addition thereto, even in case that jitter exists in reproduced data,there is existed a merit that influence of the jitter can be minimized.

Further, with assuming that a code to be recorded is ideallysymmetrical, total length of the amplitude sections 2521 is made equalto that of the non-amplitude sections 2520 and resulted in that no DCcomponent is existed in a reproduced signal. It is advantageous todigital recording that no DC component releases a burden on datadecoding and servo.

As mentioned above, by using any of the amplitude-shift keyingmodulation waves 250, 251 and 252, an auxiliary information is recordedin an information recording medium 1 according to the embodiment one ofthe present invention. Either “0” or “1” is recorded in response towhether a wobble is existed on a sidewall of groove or not, so thatability of judging “0” or “1” is excellent. In other words, a low errorrate can be obtained although an auxiliary information is in relativelylow C/N (carrier to noise ratio).

Further, although recording on a recording layer 12X or 12Y is conductedby a user, influence of random noise caused by the recording can bereduced and a low error rate can be maintained.

With reference to FIGS. 21 through 23, frequency-shift keying modulationwaves 260 through 262 are explained next.

FIG. 21 shows a first example of a frequency-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention. FIG. 22 shows a secondexample of a frequency-shift keying modulation waveform according to thepresent invention. FIG. 23 shows a third example of a frequency-shiftkeying modulation waveform according to the present invention.

A frequency-shift keying modulation wave is for recording datageometrically by the frequency-shift keying modulation method and iscomposed of a plurality of sections that are formed by wobbling groovesby different frequencies. Actually, in the case of binary data, thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave is geometrically recorded byusing a higher frequency section and a lower frequency section. In caseof multi-valued data such as “n” values, a frequency-shift keyingmodulation wave is geometrically recorded by the frequency-shift keyingmodulation method that uses “n” kinds of frequency sections. Hereinafterthe examples are explained with assuming that data to be recorded are inbinary. FIG. 21 is one example of recording data “10110” geometrically.In FIG. 21, the frequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 is composedof three higher frequency sections 2601 and two lower frequency sections2600. The higher frequency section 2601 and the lower frequency section2600 are equivalent to “1” and “0” of a data bit respectively and theyare recorded in digital by changing the frequency at each one channelbit. A number of waves that constitute each frequency section is notlimited to one specific number. Each frequency section is composed of awave that continues more than one cycle. However, in consideration ofthat data are not redundant too much in an apparatus for reproducing soas to detect a frequency accurately and to obtain a certain degree ofdata transfer rate, each frequency section, which is corresponding toeach data bit mentioned above, is desirable to be constituted by anumber of waves within a range of one cycle to one hundred cycles,preferably one cycle to thirty cycles.

Further, it is acceptable that each amplitude of the higher frequencysection 2601 and the lower frequency section 2600 is equal to eachother. However, an amplitude ratio is not limited to one specificfigure. Amplitude of the higher frequency section 2601 can be formedlarger than that of the lower frequency section 2600 in consideration ofa frequency response of reproducing apparatus.

Furthermore, the differential signal detecting method mentioned abovecan be used for reading out the recorded data.

It should be understood that the information recording medium 1according to the embodiment one of the present invention does not placea restraint on physical length or amplitude size of a channel bit, whichis composed of the higher frequency section 2601 and the lower frequencysection 2600. For example, in FIG. 21, the physical length of lowerfrequency section 2600 is designated to be longer than that of thehigher frequency section 2601.

As shown in FIG. 22, in case of a frequency-shift keying modulation wave261, it is acceptable that amplitude of a higher frequency section 2611and a lower frequency section 2610 are equal to each other and length ofthe higher frequency section 2611 is equal to that of the lowerfrequency section 2610. By equalizing each amplitude and length asmentioned above, judging “0” or “1” can be performed by sufficientthreshold value of amplitude when reproducing.

Further, data arranged in series can be read out by one threshold valueof time, so that a reproducing circuit can be simplified.

Furthermore, in case that jitter exists in reproduced data, there isexisted a merit that influence of the jitter can be minimized.

Moreover, with assuming that a code to be recorded is ideallysymmetrical, total length of the higher frequency sections 2611 is equalto that of the lower frequency sections 2610 and resulted in that no DCcomponent is existed in a reproduced signal. It is advantageous todigital recording that no DC component releases a burden on datadecoding and servo.

In FIGS. 21 and 22, the higher frequency section 2601 or 2611 and thelower frequency section 2600 or 2610 are connected to each otherrespectively, wherein each waveform rises at a point where a channel bitchanges. However, phase jump happens in probability of 50% at the momentwhen a channel bit changes. Consequently, a high frequency component isgenerated and resulted in deterioration of power efficiency per eachfrequency.

In order to eliminate such phase jump, a frequency-shift keyingmodulation wave 262 is provided. In FIG. 23, the frequency-shift keyingmodulation wave 262 is composed of a higher frequency section 2621 r or2621 f (hereinafter referred generically to as higher frequency section2621) and a lower frequency section 2620. The higher frequency section2621 and the lower frequency section 2620 is arranged so as to maintainphase continuity at a point where each channel bit of thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 262 changes over. Actually, astarting phase of the lower frequency section 2620 is selected so as tobe that a phase direction of the end of the higher frequency section2621 and a phase direction of the start of the lower frequency section2620 are the same direction.

Further, the reverse connection is the same as such that a startingphase of the higher frequency section 2621 is selected so as to be thata phase direction of the end of the lower frequency section 2620 and aphase direction of the start of the higher frequency section 2621 arethe same direction. If the starting phase is selected as mentionedabove, continuity of phase is maintained and power efficiency isimproved.

Furthermore, a reproduction envelope becomes constant, so that a dataerror rate of auxiliary information, which is recorded in theinformation recording medium 1, is improved. Such a method ofmaintaining continuity of phase at a point where a channel bit changescan be applied to the auxiliary information area 200 and the referenceclock area 300 shown in FIG. 6. A data error rate of auxiliaryinformation is further improved if waveforms of the auxiliaryinformation area 200 and the reference clock area 300 are arranged asmentioned above.

A frequency of the higher frequency section 2621 (2601, 2611 or 2621)and the lower frequency section 2620 (2600, 2610 or 2620) is arbitraryselected. However, in order to eliminate interference with a frequencyrange that is provided for recording data on the information recordingmedium 1 by a user, it is strictly required for the higher frequencysection 2621 not to be extremely high frequency in comparison with afrequency of the lower frequency section 2620. On the other hand, inorder to improve a reproduction error rate of address data, a frequencydifference between the higher frequency section 2621 and the lowerfrequency section 2620 shall be kept in certain degree so as to maintainexcellent separativeness. From these points, a frequency ratio of thehigher frequency section 2621 to the lower frequency section 2620 isdesirable to be within a range of 1.05 to 5.0, particularly, desirableto be within a range of 1.09 to 1.67. In other words, phase relationbetween two frequencies is desirable to be within a range of 2π±(π/20.5)to 2π±(π/0.75), particularly, desirable to be within a range of2π±(π/12) to 2π±(π/2), that is, 360±15 degrees to 360±90 degrees,wherein the reference phase is defined as 2π.

With respect to a frequency ratio (ratio of higher frequency to lowerfrequency), if the frequency ratio shown in FIG. 23 is assigned to be1.5, there exists a phase relation between these higher and lowerfrequencies such that the higher frequency is shifted by −π/2.5 from areference phase of a single-frequency wave and the lower frequency isshifted by +π/2.5 from the reference phase of the single-frequency wave,wherein the phase relation becomes 2π±(π/2.5) when the reference phaseis defined as 2π. In other words, the phase relation is shifted to360±72 degrees. It is expressed that these two frequencies are integralmultiple (wherein it is three times and two times respectively) of thefrequency (in this case 0.5) of the single-frequency wave. Consequently,it is advantageous for a demodulation circuit to be simplified.

Further, generating a clock signal becomes easier by using a circuithaving a window of 0.5.

Furthermore, a synchronous detector circuit can conduct demodulation. Inthis case, an error rate can be reduced extremely.

As mentioned above, an auxiliary information is recorded in theinformation recording medium 1 of the present invention by thefrequency-shift keying modulation waves 260, 261 and 262. The binarydata “0” or “1” is recorded in accordance with change of a wobblingfrequency, so that ability of judging “0” or “1” is excellent. In otherwords, an auxiliary information can be obtained in a low error ratealthough a C/N is relatively low.

Furthermore, influence of random noise caused by recording on the firstrecording layer 12X or the second recording layer 12Y by a user can bereduced and a low error rate can be maintained.

With referring to FIGS. 24 through 26, phase-shift keying modulationwaves 270, 271 and 272 are explained next.

FIG. 24 shows a first example of a phase-shift keying modulationwaveform according to the present invention. FIG. 25 shows a secondexample of a phase-shift keying modulation waveform according to thepresent invention. FIG. 26 shows a third example of a phase-shift keyingmodulation waveform according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 24, the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270 isformed by recording data geometrically by the phase-shift keyingmodulation method. Actually, the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270is composed of a plurality of sections, which are constituted bywobbling a groove by a predetermined frequency. In the case of binarydata, the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270 is composed of anadvancing phase section 2701 and a receding phase section 2700. In caseof multi-valued data such as “n” values, a phase-shift keying modulationwave is composed of “n” phase sections, which correspond to “n” kinds ofphases respectively. Hereinafter the examples are explained withassuming that data to be recorded are in binary. FIG. 24 is one exampleof recording data “10110” geometrically. In FIG. 24, the phase-shiftkeying modulation wave 270 is composed of three advancing phase sections2701 and two receding phase sections 2700. The advancing phase section2701 and the receding phase section 2700 are equivalent to “1” and “0”of a data bit respectively, and recorded in digital by changing thephase at each one channel bit. Actually, the advancing phase section2701 and the receding phase section 2700 are exhibited by a sinusoidalwave of “sin 0” and another sinusoidal wave of “sin(−π)” respectively.As shown in FIG. 24, the advancing phase section 2701 and the recedingphase section 2700 are constituted by one cycle of waveformrespectively. However, phase difference between them is as many as π, sothat they can be separated and reproduced sufficiently by the envelopedetection method or the synchronous detection method.

Each frequency of the advancing phase section 2701 and the recedingphase section 2700 is identical to each other. A number of waves, whichconstitutes the advancing phase section 2701 and the receding phasesection 2700, is not restricted to a specific number. Both phasesections are composed of a wave that continues more than one cycle.However, in consideration of that data are not redundant too much in areproducing apparatus so as to detect a frequency accurately and obtaina certain degree of data transfer rate, each phase section correspondingto each data bit that is mentioned above is desirable to be constitutedby a number of waves within a range of one cycle to one hundred cycles,preferably one cycle to thirty cycles.

It is acceptable for each physical length of the advancing phase section2701 and the receding phase section 2700 to be identical or not. In casethat each physical length is identical, data, which are combined inseries, can be divided into piece by a predetermined time, that is, apredetermined clock when reproducing, so that a reproduction circuit canbe simplified.

Further, in case that jitter exists in reproduced data, there is existeda merit that enables to minimize influence of the jitter.

It is also acceptable for each amplitude of the advancing phase section2701 and the receding phase section 2700 to be coincide with each otheror not. However, in consideration of easier reproduction, it isdesirable for the advancing phase section 2701 and the receding phasesection 2700 that each amplitude of them coincides with each other.

The information recording medium 1 according to the embodiment one ofthe present invention can deal with not only binary data but alsomulti-valued data. Dealing with how many kinds of phases depends on thatphase difference of each data bit can be separated into what degree ofresolution. The limit of separation of the information recording medium1 is obtained experimentally by the inventors of the present inventionand it is confirmed that phase difference can be separated into up toπ/8. In other words, various phase sections, which constitute themulti-valued channel bit, can deal with minimum phase difference of eachphase section within a range of π/8 to π, wherein π is equivalent tominimum phase difference of a binary data. That is to say, a wide rangeof data from binary to hexadecimal can be dealt with.

FIG. 25 is a second example showing a phase-shift keying modulation wave271 that is recorded with 4-valued data. In FIG. 25 the phase-shiftkeying modulation wave 271 is composed of a first phase section[sin(3π/4)] 2710, a second phase section [sin (−π/4)] 2711, a thirdphase section [sin(π/4)] 2712 and a fourth phase section [sin(3π/4)]2713. Minimum phase difference of each phase section is π/2, so thateach of the 4-valued data can be sufficiently separated and obtained.Hereupon, the first phase section 2710, the second phase section 2711,the third phase section 2712 and the fourth phase section 2713 arecorresponded to data “1”, “2”, “3” and “4” respectively for convenience.

When recording multi-valued data such as mentioned above, themulti-valued data can be replaced by multidimensional data. Withassuming that the data is two-dimensional data (x, y), for example, thedata “1” through “4” can be replaced by data (0, 0), data (0, 1), data(1, 0), and data (1, 1) respectively.

FIG. 26 is a third example showing a phase-shift keying modulation wave272, which deals with binary data in the information recording medium 1according to the embodiment one of the present invention. In FIG. 26, afundamental wave is a saw-tooth wave and the waveform is asymmetricalfor rising and falling sections. By controlling the rising and fallingsections individually, difference of phase is exhibited. In the case ofthe waveform shown in FIG. 26, data “1” is recorded as a section 2721 ofwhich a wave rises gradually and falls rapidly (hereinafter referred toas a rapidly falling section 2721), and data “0” as a section 2720,which rises rapidly and falls gradually (hereinafter referred to as arapidly rising section 2720). In case that address data “10110” isrecorded, for example, as shown in FIG. 26, the phase-shift keyingmodulation wave 272 is geometrically recorded with the rapidly fallingsection 2721, the rapidly rising section 2720, the rapidly fallingsection 2721, the rapidly falling section 2721 and the rapidly risingsection 2720 in order. Such a recording method that records data byangle difference between a rising angle and a falling angle candemodulate the data by inputting the data into a high-pass filter and byextracting a differential component. Consequently, the recording methodis advantageous to the data that can be reproduced even under low C/Ncondition.

As mentioned above, an auxiliary information is recorded in theinformation recording medium 1 according to the embodiment one of thepresent invention by the phase-shift keying modulation wave 270, 271 or272. The binary data “0” or “1” is recorded in accordance with phasechange of a number of wobbles, so that ability of judging “0” or “1” isexcellent. Particularly, a frequency of the phase-shift keyingmodulation method is constant. Therefore, a filter, which is installedin a preceding stage of a demodulation circuit for auxiliaryinformation, can be assigned to be a band-pass filter of which passingband is specialized in one frequency.

Further, the band-pass filter can also eliminate any kind of noisesincluding a noise that is caused by recording by a user effectively. Inother words, a lower error rate can be obtained even though a C/N isrelatively low.

Furthermore, influence of random noise caused by the recording can beeffectively eliminated and a low error rate can be maintained, eventhough recording in the first recording layer 12X or the secondrecording layer 12Y of the information recording medium 1 is conductedby a user.

As mentioned above, constitutions and effects of the amplitude-shiftkeying modulation waves 250, 251 and 252, the frequency-shift keyingmodulation waves 260, 261 and 262 and the phase-shift keying modulationwaves 270, 271 and 272 according to the present invention are depicted.In the above-mentioned descriptions that are explained with referring toFIGS. 18 through 26, they are explained as examples with defining that afundamental wave is a sinusoidal wave and recorded. However, it is alsoacceptable that a fundamental wave is defined as a cosine wave andrecorded.

The constitution and the effect of the information recording medium 1according to the embodiment one of the present invention is detailedabove. However, the inventive concept of the present invention is notlimited to the information recording medium 1 that is described withreferring to FIGS. 1 though 26. It is apparent that many changes,modifications and variations in the arrangement of equipment and devicesand in materials can be made without departing from the inventionconcept disclosed herein.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment one, each constitutingcomponent can be replaced by each other or exchanged by anothercomponent that is disclosed herein.

For example, the shape of the information recording medium 1 is notrestricted to one specific shape, any shape such as disc, card and tapecan be applied for the information recording medium 1. It is alsoapplicable for the information recording medium 1 to be a shape incircular, rectangular or elliptic. In addition, an information recordingmedium having a hole is also acceptable.

FIG. 27 shows a first example of disk-shaped information recordingmedium 1 having a hole. FIG. 28 shows a second example of card-shapedinformation recording medium 1A having no hole. FIG. 29 shows a thirdexample of a card-shaped information recording medium 1B having a hole.In FIG. 27, the disc-shaped information recording medium 1 is formedwith a first microscopic pattern 20X and a second microscopic pattern20Y, which are constituted by a continuous substance of approximatelyparallel grooves in a circular arc and in parallel with the inner orouter circumference of the information recording medium 1. The form ofthe first microscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopic pattern 20Yis not limited to be the circular arc. Any form that is arrangedcontinuously in 360 degrees coaxially or spirally is also acceptable. InFIG. 28, the card-shaped information recording medium 1A having no holeis formed with a first microscopic pattern 20X and a second microscopicpattern 20Y, which are constituted by a continuous substance ofapproximately parallel grooves linearly and in parallel with thelongitudinal direction of the information recording medium 1A. In FIG.29, the card-shaped information recording medium 1B having a hole isformed with a first microscopic pattern 20X and a second microscopicpattern 20Y, which are constituted by a continuous substance ofapproximately parallel grooves in circular.

Further, the cross section of the information recording medium 1explained by using FIG. 1 is not limited to the cross sectional viewshown in FIG. 1. It is apparent that the invention concept of thepresent invention can apply to an information recording medium havingvarious cross sectional configurations.

Embodiment Two

FIG. 30 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment two of the present invention. In FIG. 30, aninformation recording medium 2 is identical to the information recordingmedium 1 shown in FIG. 1 except for the first light transmitting layer11, so that details of the same components will be omitted. As shown inFIG. 30, the first light transmitting layer 11X of the informationrecording medium 1 is divided into two layers; a first lighttransmitting layer 11Xa and an adhesive light transmitting layer 11Xb,wherein the first light transmitting layer 11Xa is similar to the firstlight transmitting layer 11X as mentioned above. The adhesive lighttransmitting layer 11Xb is a layer for adhering the first lighttransmitting layer 11Xa on the first recording layer 12X firmly, andtransmits more than 70% of light having a wavelength λ, desirably morethan 80%.

With respect to a material of the adhesive light transmitting layer11Xa, an adhesive or cohesive resin such as thermosetting resins,various energy ray curable resins including examples of UV ray curableresins, visible radiation curable resins and electron beam curableresins, moisture curable resins, plural liquid mixture curable resinsand thermoplastic resins containing solvent can be used.

Further, a cohesive resin such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber,acrylic resin, polyvinyl ether resin, silicon resin, polyethylene resin,polyester resin, polyurethane resin, and ethylene-vinyl acetate resincan also be used.

Furthermore, a thickness of the adhesive light transmitting layer 11Xbis more than 0.001 mm as a minimum thickness exhibiting adhesiveness,desirably less than 0.04 mm in view of preventing a growth of stresscrack, and more desirably more than 0.001 mm and less than 0.03 mm.Desirably further more, the thickness is more than 0.001 and less than0.02 mm. However, it is the most desirable that the thickness is morethan 0.001 mm and less than 0.01 mm in view of warpage of theinformation recording medium 2 totally.

Embodiment Three

FIG. 31 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment three of the present invention. In FIG. 31,an information recording medium 3 is identical to the informationrecording medium 1 shown in FIG. 1 except for the substrate 13, so thatdetails of the same components will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 31, thesubstrate 13 shown in FIG. 1 is replace with a substance of two-layerstructure; a substrate 13 a and a resin layer 14.

With respect to a material of the resin layer 14, such resins asthermosetting resins, various energy ray curable resins includingexamples of UV ray curable resins, visible radiation curable resins andelectron beam curable resins, moisture curable resins, plural liquidmixture curable resins and thermoplastic resins containing solvent canbe used. Reproducing light never reaches to the resin layer 14, so thatthere is existed no limitation in transmittance.

Further, a thickness of the resin layer 14 is desirable to be less than0.02 mm in view of warpage of the information recording medium 3totally.

Embodiment Four

FIG. 32 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment four of the present invention. In FIG. 32, aninformation recording medium 4 is identical to the information recordingmedium 1 shown in FIG. 1 except for the first light transmitting layer11X and the substrate 13, so that details of the same components will beomitted. As shown in FIG. 32, the first light transmitting layer 11X ofthe information recording medium 1 is divided into two layers; a firstlight transmitting layer 11Xa and an adhesive light transmitting layer11Xb as same constitution as those of the information recording medium 2shown in FIG. 30.

Further, the substrate 13 shown in FIG. 1 is replace with a substance oftwo-layer structure; a flat substrate 13 b and a pattern transferringlayer 15 having second microscopic patterns 20Y and 21Y, wherein thepattern transferring layer 15 is an extremely thin film for having themicroscopic patterns 20Y and 21Y.

Furthermore, a material of the pattern transferring layer 15 is selectedout from a metal, an alloy of the metal and a resin, wherein an alloyincludes a compound such as oxide, nitride, carbide, sulfide andfluoride, and its thickness is designated to be within a range of 5 nmto 200 nm.

With respect to a typical example of resin, there is existed novolaclight-sensitive resin and polyhydroxy styrene light-sensitive resin,wherein both resins can be developed by alkali.

Each component of the information recording mediums 1 through 4 shown inFIGS. 1 through 5 and 27 through 32 can be replaced by or combined withother component mutually as far as a reproduction characteristic is notdeteriorated.

For example, the second light transmitting layer 11Y can be constitutedby two layers; a second light transmitting layer and an adhesive lighttransmitting layer, that is similar to the first light transmittinglayer 11X, which is constituted by the first light transmitting layer11Xa and the adhesive light transmitting layer 11Xb in the informationrecording medium 2 according to the embodiment two shown by FIG. 30.

Further, it is also acceptable to stick two information recordingmediums out of the information recording mediums 1 through 4, whereinone information recording medium is stuck on the other informationrecording medium with facing each substrate 13 (13 a, 13 b) towards eachother.

Furthermore, the information recording mediums 1 through 4 according tothe embodiments one through four of the present invention can be formedwith commonly known layers such as an antistatic layer, a lubricativelayer and a hard coat layer that are laminated on the light transmittinglayer 11X (or 11Xa) although they are not shown in drawings.

With respect to an actual material for the antistatic layer, a resinsuch as energy ray curable resin and thermosetting resin that aredispersed with surface-active agent and conductive fine particles can beused.

With respect to an actual material for the lubricative layer, liquidlubricant of which surface energy is adjusted by modifying hydrocarbonmacromolecule with silicon and fluorine can be used. Thickness of thelubricative layer is desirable to be within a range of 0.1 nm to 10 nmapproximately.

Further, with respect to an actual material for the hard coat layer, aresin, which transmits more than 70% of light having wavelength λ, suchas thermosetting resins, various energy ray curable resins includingexamples of UV ray curable resins, visible radiation curable resins andelectron beam curable resins, moisture curable resin, plural liquidmixture curable resin and thermoplastic resin containing solvent can beused.

The hard coat layer is desirable to exceed a certain value of the“scratch test by pencil” regulated by the Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS) K5400 in consideration of abrasion resistance of the first lighttransmitting layer 11X (11Xa). In consideration of that glass is ahardest material for an objective lens of apparatus for reproducing aninformation recording medium, a value of the “scratch test by pencil”for the hard coat layer is most preferable to be more than the “H”grade. If the test value is less than the “H” grade, dust that is causedby scraping the hard coat layer is remarkably generated. Consequently,an error rate is deteriorated abruptly. A thickness of the hard coatlayer is desirable to be more than 0.001 mm in consideration of shockresistance. However, the thickness is more desirable to be less than0.01 mm in consideration of each warp of the information recordingmediums 1 through 4 totally.

Further, a thin film, which transmits more than 70% of light having awavelength λ and has a value of the “scratch test by pencil” of morethan the “H” grade, can be used for the hard coat layer. With respect toan actual example of the thin film, an element such as carbon,molybdenum and silicon, and their alloy including composition such asoxide, nitride, sulfide, fluoride and carbide can be used. A filmthickness of such a thin film is desirable to be within a range of 1 nmto 1000 nm.

A label printing can be applied on the outer surface of the substrate 13(13 a, 13 b) opposite to the second recording layer 12Y although thelabel printing is not shown in any drawings. Various energy ray curableresins containing pigment and dye such as UV ray curable resins, visibleradiation curable resins and electron beam curable resins can be usedsuitably for the label printing. A thickness of the label printing isdesirable to be more than 0.001 mm in consideration of visibility of theprinting, more desirable to be less than 0.05 mm in consideration ofeach warp of the information recording mediums 1 through 4 totally.

A cross sectional surface of a recessed portion “B” and a raised portion“A” in the first microscopic pattern 20X and the second microscopicpattern 20Y is formed flat respectively. However, a cross sectionalsurface is not limited to flat. Cross-sectionally, they can be formed ina shape of a V-letter or an inverse V-letter.

Further, the information recording medium 1, 2, 3 or 4 can be formedwith a read-only area on the plane of the information recording mediumother than a predetermined area for recording, that is, an area forrecording and reproducing. The read-only area can be formed by a pit ora wobbling groove recorded with at least one modulation wave selectedout from the amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250, thefrequency-shift keying modulation wave 260 and the phase-shift keyingmodulation wave 270 on a sidewall of the groove. The informationrecording medium can be provided with the reference clock area 300together with the read-only area hereupon. These read-only area andreference clock area 300 can be formed by a bar code. The read-only areacan provide information for tuning an apparatus for recording orreproducing when recording or reproducing, and further can handle anidentification information, a copyright information and a copyrestriction information of an individual information recording medium.

Furthermore, the read-only area can be allocated arbitrarily. However,in case of an information recording medium in disciform, it isconsidered that a read-only area and a recording and reproducing area isallocated in the inner circumference area and the outer circumferencearea respectively, and these areas are formed so as not to overlap witheach other. Particularly, it is most desirable that these two areas comeinto contact with each other, and they are connected at one point andresulted in enabling to be reproduced continuously.

A hologram and a visible microscopic pattern for identifying theinformation recording medium 1, 2, 3 or 4 can be formed in an area otherthan a predetermined area for recording.

In order to improve ability of loading an information recording mediuminto an apparatus for reproducing or recording and in order to improveprotectiveness while loading and handling the information recordingmedium, each of the information recording mediums 1 through 4 can beinstalled in a cartridge.

In case that the information recording mediums 1 through 4 are indisciform, its dimension is not limited to one dimension. For example,in the case of diameter, various diameters from 20 mm to 400 mm can beapplied for the information recording mediums 1 through 4. Any diametersuch as 30, 32, 35, 41, 51, 60, 65, 80, 88, 120, 130, 200, 300 and 356mm can be acceptable.

The first recording layer 12X and the second recording layer 12Yprovided in the information recording mediums 1 through 4 are shown as asingle layer in the respective drawings. However, the first and secondrecording layers 12X and 12Y can be formed by a plurality of thin filmmaterials for a purpose of improving recording and reproducingcharacteristics and storage stability.

With referring to FIGS. 33 and 34, the other embodiments of informationrecording mediums are detailed next.

Embodiment Five

FIG. 33 is a cross sectional view of an information recording mediumaccording to an embodiment five of the present invention. In FIG. 33, aninformation recording medium 5 is similar to the information recordingmedium 1 of the embodiment one shown in FIG. 1, so that the samecomposition or configuration as that of the information recording medium1 is marked by the same symbol as the information recording medium 1 andits detail is omitted. As shown in FIG. 33, the information recordingmedium 5 according to the embodiment five of the present invention iscomposed of a second reflective layer 121Y, a third protective layer122Y, a second recording layer 123Y and a fourth protective layer 124Y,which are formed on the substrate 13 in order, instead of the secondrecording layer 12Y of the information recording medium 1 according tothe embodiment one.

With respect to a material for the second reflective layer 121Y, thereexisted a metal having light reflectiveness such as Al, Au and Ag, analloy that contains the metal as a main component and an additiveelement composed of more than one metal, semiconductor or semimetal, anda mixture of metal such as Al, Au and Ag with metal compound such asmetal nitride, metal oxide and metal chalcogenide. Such a metal as Al,Au or Ag and an alloy containing the metal as the main component is highin light reflectiveness and thermal conductivity, so that they arepreferable for the material of the second reflective layer 121Y.

Further, the second reflective layer 121Y plays a role of optimizingconduction of heat when recording is conducted to the second recordinglayer 123Y, so that the second reflective layer 121Y can be called aheat-sink layer. With respect to the alloy mentioned above, thereexisted an alloy composed of Al or Ag added with at least one elementout of Si, Mg, Cu, Pd, Ti, Cr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Pd, Zr and Rh as an additiveelement within a range of more than 1 atomic % to less than 5 atomic %in total or composed of Au added with at least one element out of Cr,Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt and Ni as an additive element within a range of more than1 atomic % to less than 20 atomic % in total.

Particularly, as anti-corrosiveness is excellent and an iterativecharacteristic is improved, the second reflective layer 121Y isdesirable to be constituted by any one of Al—Cr alloy, Al—Ti alloy,Al—Ta alloy, Al—Zr alloy, Al—Ti—Cr alloy and Al—Si—Mn alloy, whichcontain Al as a main component and an additive element that isdesignated to be within a range of more than 0.5 atomic % to less than 3atomic %. With respect to the additive element, adding a metal or asemiconductor to a base metal alone makes a crystal particle smaller andresults in reducing noise level while reproducing, so that addingadditive element is desirable.

Furthermore, adding additive element is effective for improvingstability under a high temperature and high humidity condition. Alloyssuch as Al—Ti, Al—Cr, Al—Zr, Al—Si, Ag—Pd—Cu and Ag—Rh—Cu, for example,are desirable for the material of the second reflective layer 121Y. Incase of utilizing a violaceous semiconductor laser, constituting thesecond reflective layer 121Y by an alloy of Al system or Ag system canobtain higher reflectivity. A thickness of the second reflective layer121Y is within a range of 10 nm to 300 nm.

More, the thickness of the second reflective layer 121Y varies by adegree of thermal conductivity of a metal or an alloy constituting thesecond reflective layer 121Y. In case of Al—Cr alloy, for example,thermal conductivity decreases in accordance with increasing content ofCr. Consequently, the thickness of the second reflective layer 121Y mustbe made thicker; otherwise increasing content of Cr does not comply withrecording strategy. In case that content of Cr is larger, the secondreflective layer 121Y is hard to be heated or cooled down and becomes aso-called gradually cooling structure. In order to control forming arecord mark by the recording strategy, some consideration such thatshortening a head pulse, shortening multi-pulses or extending a coolingpulse is needed. In case that the thickness of the second reflectivelayer 121Y exceeds 50 nm, the second reflective layer 121Y does notchange optically or affect a value of reflectivity. However, affectionto a cooling speed increases extremely. In case of increasing thethickness of the second reflective layer 121Y to more than 300 nm, ittakes extra time while manufacturing an information recording medium.Consequently, it is desirable for the film thickness of the secondreflective layer 121Y to be suppressed possibly by using a materialhaving higher reflectivity.

Moreover, by dividing the second reflective layer 121Y into more thantwo layers, a noise level while reproducing an information recordingmedium can be reduced. In case that the second reflective layer 121Y isconstituted by three layers that are formed by three materialsindividually, for example, these three layers are formed as follows. Incase of forming the second reflective layer 121Y having a thickness of150 nm in total by using a single disc sputtering system, which formseach layer on a substrate 13 in a plurality of vacuum chambers whiletransporting the substrate 13 one by one, a first reflective layer isformed by a first material in a first vacuum chamber at a filming speedof 2 nm/s, and then second and third reflective layers are formed bysecond and third materials in second and third vacuum chambersrespectively at a filming speed of 6.5 nm/s. Consequently, a pluralityof the substrates 13 (discs) can be filmed one after another in a shortperiod of time as long as 10 seconds. By the above-mentioned process, acrystalline particle can be made finer by changing a filming speed.Accordingly, a noise level can be reduced when reproducing theinformation recording medium 5.

The third protective layer 122Y and the fourth protective layer 124Y iseffective for protecting the substrate 13 and the second recording layer123Y from deformation and resulting in deteriorating a recordingcharacteristic by excessive heat while recording, for preventingoxidization of recording materials, and for improving a signal contrastby an optical interference effect while reproducing.

Further, these third and fourth protective layers 122Y and 124Y aretransparent or absorbed slightly at a wavelength of a light beam forrecording and reproducing and its refractive index “npy” is within arange of 1.9≦npy≦2.5 and its absorption coefficient “kpy” is within arange of 0≦kpy≦0.2.

Furthermore, both the third protective layer 122Y and the fourthprotective layer 124Y are not required to be made by same material andcomposition. It is acceptable to be constituted by different materials.A thickness of the fourth protective layer 124Y decides a wavelengthexhibiting a minimum value of spectral reflectance.

Moreover, the third protective layer 122Y and the fourth protectivelayer 124Y is further effective for activating crystallization of arecording layer and for improving an erase ratio.

With respect to a material of these third and fourth protective layers122Y and 124Y, an oxidized thin film of metal or semiconductor such asSi, Ge, Al, Ti, Zr and Ta, a nitride thin film of metal or semiconductorsuch as Si, Ge and Al, a carbide thin film of metal or semiconductorsuch as Ti, Zr, Hf and Si, a sulfide thin film of metal or semiconductorsuch as ZnS, In₂S₃, TaS₄ and GeS₂ and a film of mixture compoundcontaining more than two compounds out of the above-mentioned compoundssuch as oxide, nitride, carbide and sulfide are desirable for the thirdand fourth protective layers 122Y and 124Y because they are high in heatresistance and chemically stable. With respect to a film of mixturecompound, there is existed, for example, an inorganic thin film such asZnS, SiO₂, ZnS—SiO₂, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.

Further, with respect to a material of the third and fourth protectivelayers 122Y and 124Y, it is desirable that the material does not diffuseinto the second recording layer 123Y. Compounds of oxide, sulfide,nitride and carbide are not necessary to be a stoichiometricalcomposition. Controlling a composition and using them by mixing are alsoeffective for controlling a refractive index. By changing a contentamount of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon, a refractive index iscontrolled. If a content amount of them increases, a refractive indexdecreases. A mixture film of ZnS and SiO₂ is particularly desirable fora material of the third and fourth protective layers 122Y and 124Y,because recording sensitivity, C/N (carrier to noise ratio), and eraseratio are hard to be deteriorated by a plurality of repetitions ofrecording and reproducing. A thickness of the third protective layer122Y and the fourth protective layer 124Y is within a range of 10 nm to500 nm respectively. Particularly, a thickness of the third protectivelayer 122Y is desirable to be within a range of 10 nm to 50 nm becauseof excellent recording characteristics such as C/N and erase ratio andenabling to rewrite stably a plurality of times. If a thickness of thethird protective layer 122Y is thinner, a reflectivity increases and arecording sensitivity results in being deteriorated.

Furthermore, the thinner third protective layer 122Y makes a spacebetween the third protective layer 122Y and the reflective layer 121Ynarrower and the second recording layer 123Y results in a so-calledrapid cooling construction, so that a relatively large recording poweris necessary for forming a record mark.

On the contrary, if the thickness of third protective layer 122Y becomesthicker, the space between the third protective layer 122Y and thereflective layer 121Y becomes wider and the second recording layer 123Ybecomes the gradually cooling structure. Consequently, a rewritingperformance is deteriorated and a number of repetitions of overwritingdecreases. A film thickness of the third protective layer 122Y ispreferable to be thinner than that of the fourth protective layer 124Yand to be constituted in the rapid cooling construction so as to reliefthermal damage. Consequently, the film thickness of the third protectivelayer 122Y is preferable to be within a range of 2 nm to 50 nm.Desirably, a filming speed of the third protective layer 122Y is madeslower than that of the fourth protective layer 124Y. Accordingly, anincrease of jitter caused by rewriting is suppressed and a number ofrepetitions of overwriting increases.

Moreover, a preferable thickness of the fourth protective layer 124Y iswithin a range of 10 nm to 200 nm. More preferably, the thickness iswithin a range of 20 nm to 150 nm so as to increase a reproduced signalalthough an optimum film thickness varies by a wavelength of a lightsource to be utilized. In case that recording light is a violaceouslaser, reflectivity of the second recording layer 12Y alone can beincreased by 2% to 10% and a modulation factor of recorded record mark“M” can be increased by 0.2 to 0.6 if the film thickness of the fourthprotective layer 124Y is set to 25 nm to 60 nm. Accordingly, a jitter ofthe record mark “M” is decreased and an excellent reproductioncharacteristic that exhibits an error rate as low as less than 4×10⁻⁴can be obtained although the information recording medium is inclined.

With respect to a material for the second recording layer 123Y, there isprovided a phase change material, which generates a change ofreflectivity or change of refractive index between amorphous andcrystal. Actually, there is provided a phase change material such asGe—Sb—Te system, Ag—In—Te—Sb system, Cu—Al—Sb—Te system. A filmthickness of the second recording layer 123Y is within a range of 5 nmto 100 nm, desirably within a range of 5 nm to 30 nm in order toincrease a reproduced signal, to compensate attenuated light at thefirst recording layer 12X, and to increase recording sensitivity.

Further, a crystallizing speed of phase change material as the secondrecording layer 123Y is slower than that of a first recording layer 123Xthat will be depicted later. In case of using a composition having aeutectic point adjacent to the eutectic point of Sb—Te, a compositionratio of Sb (antimony) to Te (tellurium) Sb/Te is made smaller than thatof the first recording layer 123X. A ratio of Sb/Te is desirable to bewithin a range of 2.7 to 3.5.

A method for initializing the second recording layer 123Y, which is inthe condition shown in FIG. 33, is explained hereupon. The secondrecording layer 123Y formed by a phase change material is in theamorphous state immediately after it is filmed. It is necessary for theamorphous state to be phase-changed into a crystalline state before thesecond recording layer 123Y is recorded by a user. Consequently, thephase-changing process is called an initializing process. Actually, byirradiating a laser beam or light beam of flush lamp not shown on thesecond recording layer 123Y, the second recording layer 123Y is heatedmore than crystallizing temperature and initialized. Practically, alaser beam for initializing has a beam diameter that is equal to orlarger than the width of raised portion “A” or recessed portion “B”. Incase that an information recording medium 1 is in disciform, thediameter of laser beam is desirable to be longer in the radial directionthan in the tangential direction of the information recording medium 1.Then, the laser beam initializes a plurality of tracks simultaneouslywhile rotating the information recording medium 1.

A light beam for initializing is irradiated on the second recordinglayer 123Y from the fourth protective layer 124Y side. In order toprotect the laminated layers of films, that is, the second reflectivelayer 121Y the third protective layer 122Y, the second recording layer123Y and the fourth protective layer 124Y from damage caused by heatgenerated in the second recording layer 123Y when a laser beam forinitializing is absorbed by the second recording layer 123Y, aprotective coat layer formed by a ultraviolet curable resin, forexample, can be provided on the fourth protective layer 124Y. Theprotective coat layer is desirable to be formed by a material, whichassimilates with the second light transmitting layer 11Y after stuck onthe first recording layer 12X and has the same transparency andrefractive index as those of the second light transmitting layer 11Y.

Further, a crystallization accelerating layer not shown and a diffusioncontrolling layer not shown can be formed on a boundary surface betweenthe second recording layer 123Y and the second protective layer 122Y orbetween the second recording layer 123Y and the fourth protective layer124Y. The crystallization accelerating layer has a function ofaccelerating crystallization of phase change material, and realizesdirect overwriting in higher linear velocity, and eliminates theinitializing process. Actually, an alloy that contains Sb and Bi as maincomponents and Te and Ge are combined with the main components isavailable. A thickness of the crystallization accelerating layer iswithin a range of 1 nm to 10 nm and its film thickness is desirable tobe thinner as thin as possible. By forming such a crystallizationaccelerating layer, the second recording layer 123Y, which generallyaccumulates in an amorphous state, accumulates in a crystalline stateimmediately after it is filmed, so that the initializing process iseliminated. The reason why the second recording layer 123Y is obtainedin a crystalline state is not apparent. However, in case that a materialfor the crystallization accelerating layer is Sb or its alloy, it issupposed that a crystal in the crystallization accelerating layerbecomes a core and the accumulated phase change material conductscrystal growth succeedingly.

Furthermore, in case that the material is Bi or its alloy, the meltingpoint of Bi is lower as low as 271° C. Therefore, it is estimated thatthe film of Bi phase-changes into a crystalline state by heat that isgenerated while the sputtering or vacuum evaporation process and theaccumulated phase change material conducts crystal growth succeedingly.

The diffusion controlling layer controls an element contained in thethird protective layer 122Y and the fourth protective layer 124Y to bediffused to inside of the second recording layer 123Y when recordingrepeatedly, and prevents a recording material from degeneration.Consequently, a number of repetitions of overwriting is improved.Actually, in case that a sulfide compound is used for the thirdprotective layer 122Y and the fourth protective layer 124Y, metal oxide,nitride, or carbide, or mixture of them is utilized for the diffusioncontrolling layer in order to suppress diffusion of sulfa to the fourthprotective layer 124Y. A simple substance such as AlN, GeN, Si₃N₄, TiN,SiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Al₂O₃, AlSiON, ZrO₂, TiO₂ and SiC, or mixture of them isutilized for a material of the diffusion controlling layer.

Embodiment Six

With referring to FIG. 34, an information recording medium 6 accordingto the embodiment six of the present invention is explained next.

FIG. 34 is a cross sectional view of the information recording medium 6of which first recording layer is composed of four layers of thin filmmaterial. As shown in FIG. 34, the information recording medium 6 iscomposed of a first reflective layer 121X, a first protective layer122X, a first recording layer 123X and a second protective layer 124X,which are formed on the second light transmitting layer 11Y in order,instead of the first recording layer 12X of the information recordingmedium 1 according to the embodiment one shown in FIG. 1.

With respect to a material for the first reflective layer 121X, the samematerial as the second reflective layer 121Y is utilized. In otherwords, there existed a metal having light reflectiveness such as Al andAu and Ag, and an alloy that contains the metal as a main component andan additive element composed of more than one metal or semiconductor orsemimetal, and a mixture of metal such as Al and Au and Ag with metalcompound such as metal nitride and metal oxide and metal chalcogenide.Such a metal as Al or Au or Ag and an alloy that contains the metal asthe main component is high in light reflectiveness and thermalconductivity, so that they are suitable for the material of the firstreflective layer 121X.

Further, the first reflective layer 121X plays a role of optimizingconduction of heat when recording is conducted to the first recordinglayer 123X, so that the first reflective layer 123X can be called aheat-sink layer. With respect to the alloy mentioned above, there isexisted an alloy composed of Al or Ag added with at least one elementout of Si, Mg, Cu, Pd, Ti, Cr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Pd, Zr and Rh as an additiveelement within a range of more than 1 atomic % to less than 5 atomic %in total, or another alloy composed of Au added with at least oneelement out of Cr, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt and Ni as an additive element within arange of more than 1 atomic % to less than 20 atomic % in total.Particularly, as anti-corrosiveness is excellent and an iterativecharacteristic is improved, the first reflective layer 121X is desirableto be constituted by any one of Al—Cr alloy, Al—Ti alloy, Al—Ta alloy,Al—Zr alloy, Al—Ti—Cr alloy and Al—Si—Mn alloy, which contains Al as amain component and an additive element that is designated to be within arange of more than 0.5 atomic % to less than 3 atomic %. With respect tothe additive element, adding a metal or a semiconductor to a base metalalone makes a crystal particle smaller and results in reducing a noiselevel while reproducing, so that adding additive element is desirable.

Furthermore, adding additive element is effective for improvingstability under a high temperature and high humidity condition. Alloyssuch as Al—Ti, Al—Cr, Al—Zr, Al—Si, Ag—Pd—Cu and Ag—Rh—Cu, for example,are suitable for the material of the first reflective layer 121X. Incase of utilizing a violaceous semiconductor laser having a wavelengthof 400 nm approximately, constituting the first reflective layer 121X byan alloy of Al system or Ag system can obtain higher light transmittanceand reflectivity.

With respect to a film thickness of the first reflective layer 121X,reflectivity of the first reflective layer 121X can be maintainedexcellently if the thickness is within a range of 1 nm to 30 nm.

Further, as mentioned above, in order to increase light transmittancewhen conducting light to the second recording layer 123Y, the thicknessis desirable to be within a range of 3 nm to 15 nm. In other words, bysetting a film thickness of the first reflective layer 121X to a rangeof 3 nm to 15 nm, the first reflective layer 121X functions as atranslucent layer having reflectiveness together with transmittability.

Furthermore, in order to conduct heat generated by light absorbed in thefirst recording layer 123X, thermal conductivity of the first reflectivelayer 121X is desirable to be higher.

The first protective layer 122X and the second protective layer 124X iseffective for protecting the second light transmitting layer 11Y and thefirst recording layer 123X from deformation and resulting indeteriorating a recording characteristic by excessive heat whilerecording, and for preventing oxidization of the first recording layer123X, and for improving a signal contrast by an optical interferenceeffect while reproducing.

Further, these first and second protective layers 122X and 124X aretransparent or absorbed slightly at a wavelength of a light beam forrecording and reproducing. Their refractive index “npx” are within arange of 1.9≦npx≦2.5 and their absorption coefficient “kpx” are within arange of 0≦kpx≦0.2 respectively.

Furthermore, the first protective layer 122X and the second protectivelayer 124X are not required to be a same material or composition. It isacceptable for them to be constituted by different materials. Athickness of the second protective layer 124X decides a wavelengthexhibiting a minimum value of spectral reflectance.

Moreover, the first protective layer 122X and the second protectivelayer 124X is further effective for activating crystallization of thefirst recording layer 123X and for improving an erase ratio. Withrespect to a material of these first and second protective layers 122Xand 124X, the same material as the third protective layer 122Y and thefourth protective layer 124Y is used. There is existed, for example, aninorganic thin film such as ZnS, SiO₂, ZnS—SiO₂, silicon nitride, andaluminium oxide.

Particularly, an oxidized thin film of metal or semiconductor such asSi, Ge, Al, Ti, Zr and Ta, a nitride thin film of metal or semiconductorsuch as Si, Ge and Al, a carbide thin film of metal or semiconductorsuch as Ti, Zr, Hf and Si, a sulfide thin film of metal or semiconductorsuch as ZnS, In₂S₃, TaS₄ and GeS₂ and a film of mixture containing morethan two compounds out of the above-mentioned compounds such as oxide,nitride, carbide and sulfide are desirable for the first and secondprotective layers 122X and 124X because they are high in heat resistanceand chemically stable.

Further, with respect to a material of the first and second protectivelayers 122X and 124X, it is desirable for the material not to diffuseinto the first recording layer 123X. Compounds of oxide, sulfide,nitride and carbide are not necessary to be a stoichiometricalcomposition. Controlling a composition and using them by mixing are alsoeffective for controlling a refractive index. By changing a contentamount of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon, a refractive index iscontrolled. If a content amount of them increases, a refractive indexdecreases. A mixture film of ZnS and SiO₂ is particularly suitable for amaterial of the first and second protective layers 122X and 124X,because recording sensitivity, C/N, and erase ratio are hard to bedeteriorated by a plurality of repetitions of recording and reproducing.A thickness of the first protective layer 122X is desirable to be withina range of 10 nm to 50 nm. If a thickness of the first protective layer122X is thinner, a reflectivity increases and a recording sensitivity isdeteriorated.

Furthermore, the thinner first protective layer 122X makes a spacebetween the first protective layer 122X and the first reflective layer121X narrower and the first recording layer 123X results in a so-calledrapid cooling construction, so that a relatively large recording poweris necessary for forming a record mark “M”.

On the contrary, if the thickness of first protective layer 122X becomesthicker, the space between the first protective layer 122X and the firstreflective layer 121X becomes wider and the first recording layer 123Xbecomes the gradually cooling structure. Consequently, a rewritingperformance is deteriorated and a number of repetitions of overwritingdecreases. Consequently, a film thickness of the first protective layer122X is preferable to be thinner than that of the second protectivelayer 124X and to be constituted in the rapid cooling construction so asto relief thermal damage. Consequently, the film thickness of the firstprotective layer 122X is preferable to be within a range of 2 nm to 50nm.

Moreover, a suitable film thickness of the second protective layer 124Xis within a range of 10 nm to 200 nm. Preferably, the thickness iswithin a range of 20 nm to 150 nm so as to increase a reproduced signalalthough an optimum film thickness varies by a wavelength of a lightsource to be utilized. In case that recording light is a violaceouslaser, setting the film thickness to be within a range of 25 nm to 50 nmcan increase modulation amplitude.

Particularly, a most preferable film thickness of the first protectivelayer 122X and the second protective layer 124X is within a range of 5nm to 30 nm for the first protective layer 122X and a range of 25 nm to60 nm for the second protective layer 124X respectively. By thisconfiguration, reflectivity of the first recording layer 12X can beincreased by 2% to 10% and a modulation factor of the first recordinglayer 12X can be increased by 0.2 to 0.6 drastically. Accordingly, ajitter of the record mark “M” is decreased and an excellent reproductioncharacteristic that exhibits an error rate as low as less than 4×10⁻⁴can be obtained while an information recording medium is inclined.

A phase change material, which generates change of reflectivity orchange of refractive index between amorphous and crystal, is utilizedfor the first recording layer 123X. Actually, there is provided a phasechange material such as Ge—Sb—Te system, Ag—In—Te—Sb system, Cu—Al—Sb—Tesystem. A film thickness of the first recording layer 123X is within arange of 2 nm to 30 nm, desirably within a range of 2 nm to 10 nm inorder to increase light transmittance. In case of utilizing a phasechange material for the first recording layer 123X, a crystallizationaccelerating layer not shown and a diffusion controlling layer not showncan be formed on either boundary surface between the first recordinglayer 123X and the first protective layer 122X or between the firstrecording layer 123X and the second protective layer 124X, or formed onboth the boundary surfaces. The crystallization accelerating layer has afunction of accelerating crystallization of phase change material andcan realize direct overwriting in higher linear velocity.

On the other hand, the diffusion controlling layer controls an elementcontained in the first protective layer 122X or the second protectivelayer 124X to be diffused to inside of the first recording layer 123Xwhen recording repeatedly, and prevents a recording material fromdegeneration. Consequently, a number of repetitions of overwriting isimproved.

Further, a crystallizing speed of phase change material as the firstrecording layer 123X is faster than that of the second recording layer123Y. In case of using a composition having a eutectic point adjacent tothe eutectic point of Sb—Te, a composition ratio of Sb (antimony) to Te(tellurium) Sb/Te is made larger than that of the second recording layer123Y. A ratio of Sb/Te is desirable to be within a range of 3.2 to 4.5.

A method for initializing the first recording layer 123X, which is inthe condition shown in FIG. 34, is explained hereupon. The firstrecording layer 123X is heated as high as more than crystallizingtemperature by irradiating a laser beam or light beam of flush lamp notshown on the first recording layer 123X, and then initialized.Practically, a laser beam for initializing has a beam diameter that isequal to or larger than the width of raised portion “A” or recessedportion “B”. In case that an information recording medium 1 is indisciform, the diameter of laser beam is desirable to be longer in theradial direction than in the tangential direction of the informationrecording medium 1. The laser beam initializes a plurality of trackssimultaneously while rotating the information recording medium 1.

A light beam for initializing is irradiated on the first recording layer123X from the first light transmitting layer 11X side. The light beamfor initializing is desirable to be focused on the first recording layer123X without affecting the second recording layer 12Y or 123Y. However,it is acceptable that the first recording layer 12X or 123X and thesecond recording layer 12Y or 123Y is initialized simultaneously.

Further, in case that a crystallization accelerating layer is providedon one surface or both surfaces of the first recording layer 12X or123X, a phase change recording layer is crystallized at the same timewhen the first recording layer 12X or 123X is filmed. Consequently,initialization may not be necessary in some cases. In order to improve arecording characteristic and a reproducing characteristic, a subsidiarythin film can be formed on each layer or between layers.

The information recording mediums 1 through 6 according to theembodiments one through six of the present invention are explainedabove. With referring to FIG. 35, a first apparatus for reproducing anyof the information recording mediums 1 through 6 is explained next. Theinformation recording medium 1 represents the information recordingmediums 1 though 6 generically for simplifying the explanationhereinafter.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram of a first apparatus for reproducing aninformation recording medium according to the present invention. Asshown in FIG. 35, a first apparatus 40 is an apparatus for reproducing afirst recording layer 12X or a second recording layer 12Y of theinformation recording medium 1 and composed of at least a reproducingunit provided with a light emitting element, which emits reproducinglight having a wavelength λ of 350 nm to 450 nm and has a noise level ofless than RIN (Relative Intensity Noise) −125 dB/Hz, and an objectivelens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9, and a control unit,which controls the reproducing unit so as to reproduce the informationrecording medium 1 by irradiating the reproducing light only on a raisedportion “A” of the information recording medium 1. In FIG. 35, the firstapparatus 40 is at least composed of a pickup 50 for reading reflectedlight from the information recording medium 1, a motor 51 that rotatesthe information recording medium 1, a servo controller 52 forcontrolling to drive the pickup 50 and the motor 51, a turntable 53 forsupporting the information recording medium 1 while rotating, ademodulator 54 for demodulating an information signal that is read outby the pickup 50, an interface (I/F) 55 for outputting a signal that isdemodulated by the demodulator 54 and a controller 60 that controls thefirst reproducing apparatus 40 totally.

The demodulator 54 hereupon is a digital converter that returns 16-bitdata to original 8-bit data if a reproduced signal is modulated by theEFM plus modulation (8-16 modulation) method, which is commonly used forthe DVD system.

The turntable 53 and the information recording medium 1 is connectedwith plugging a center hole Q of the information recording medium 1 withthe turntable 53. Such a connection between the turntable 53 and theinformation recording medium 1 can be either a fixed connection orsemi-fixed connection, which can load or release the informationrecording medium 1 freely.

Further, the information recording medium 1 can be installed in acartridge. With respect to a cartridge, a commonly known cartridgehaving an opening and closing mechanism in the center can be used as itis.

The motor 51 is linked to the turntable 53 and the turntable 53 isplugged with the center hole Q of the information recording medium 1.

Further, the motor 51 supports the information recording medium 1 andsupplies relative motion for reproduction to the information recordingmedium 1 through the turntable 53. A signal output can be supplied to anot shown external output terminal or directly supplied to a not showndisplay device, audio equipment or printing equipment.

The pickup 50 is at least composed of a light emitting element 50 a,which emits light having a single wavelength λ within a range of 350 nmto 450 nm, desirably 400 nm to 435 nm, an objective lens 50 b having anumerical aperture NA within a range of 0.75 to 0.9 and a photo detector9, which receives reflected light that is reflected by the informationrecording medium 1 although they are not shown in FIG. 35.

Further, the pickup 50 forms reproducing light 99 in conjunction withthese components. It is acceptable that the light emitting element 50 ais a semiconductor laser of gallium nitride system compound or a laserhaving a second harmonic generating element.

Furthermore, the servo controller 52 is indicated only one in FIG. 35.However, it can be divided into two; one is a driving control servo forthe pickup 50 and the other is another driving control servo for themotor 51. A commonly know equalizer and the PRML (partial responsemaximum likelihood) decoding circuit, which are not shown, can beinstalled in the demodulator 54. With respect to an equalizer (waveformequalizer), for example, a so-called neural net equalizer (that isdisclosed in the Japanese Patent No. 2797035) in which a plurality ofconversion systems having a nonlinear input-output characteristic iscombined together with applying individual variable weighting andconstitutes a neural network, a so-called limit equalizer (that isdisclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No.11-259985/1999) in which an amplitude level of reproduced signal islimited to a predetermined value and forwarded to a filtering process,and a so-called error selection type equalizer (that is disclosed in theJapanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2001-110146) inwhich an error between a reproduced signal and an objective value forwaveform equalization is obtained and a frequency of the waveformequalizer is changed adaptively so as to minimize the error can bepreferably used.

Moreover, in the commonly known PRML decoding circuit that contains apredicted value controlling and equalization error calculating circuit,a so-called adaptive viterbi decoder (that is disclosed in the JapanesePatent Application Laid-open Publications No. 2000-228064 and No.2001-186027) in which a predicted value utilized for decoding viterbialgorithm is calculated and a frequency response is optimized so as tominimize an equalization error of waveform equalizer can be usedparticularly.

Operations of the first apparatus 40 are explained next. The informationrecording medium 1 is loaded on the turntable 53, which can control theinformation recording medium 1 to rotate in the circumferentialdirection, with facing the pickup 50 towards the first lighttransmitting layer 11X. The reproducing light 99 is emitted from thelight emitting element 50 a of the pickup 50 through the objective lens50 b and converged on the first microscopic pattern 21X or the secondmicroscopic pattern 21Y of the information recording medium 1.

Accurately, the reproducing light 99 is focused on the first microscopicpattern 21X that is disposed at a depth of 0.07 mm to 0.10 mmcorresponding to the thickness of the first light transmitting layer 11Xor the second microscopic pattern 21Y that is disposed at a depth of0.09 mm to 0.14 mm corresponding to the total thickness of the firstlight transmitting layer 11X and the first recording layer 12X and thesecond light transmitting layer 11Y. Succeedingly, the reproducing light99 tracks either a raised portion “A” or a recessed portion “B”. Thetracking is conducted on a predetermined portion of either the raisedportion “A” or the recessed portion “B”. However, as mentioned above,selecting the raised portion “A” is most desirable.

The reflected light from the first microscopic pattern 21X or the secondmicroscopic pattern 21Y is received by the photo detector 9 not shownand a recorded signal is read out. As shown in FIG. 11, the photodetector 9 is divided into four sections. A total sum signal, that is,“(Iα+Iβ+Iγ+Iδ)” of outputs from the divided four sections of the photodetector 9 (hereinafter referred to as “4-division photo detector” 9) istransmitted to the demodulator 54. Reading out the recorded signal isconducted by reproducing a record mark “M” that is recorded only on theraised portion “A”, for example, in the first microscopic pattern 21X orthe second microscopic pattern 21Y.

It is omitted in the above explanation that a focus error signal isnecessary for focusing to be generated and a tracking error signal isnecessary for tracking to be generated. Such a focus error signal and atracking error signal is generated by a differential signal in theradial direction, that is, “(Iα+Iβ)−(Iγ+Iδ)”, which is outputted fromthe 4-division photo detector 9, and transmitted to the servo controller52. In the servo controller 52, a focus servo signal or a tracking servosignal is produced from the received focus error signal or the trackingerror signal in accordance with the control by the controller 60, thenthe focus servo signal or the tracking servo signal is transmitted tothe pickup 50.

In addition thereto, a rotary servo signal is produced in the servocontroller 52 and transmitted to the motor 51.

Further, in the demodulator 54, the recorded signal is demodulated andapplied with error correction as required, and a data stream that isobtained is transmitted to the I/F 55. Finally, a signal is outputtedexternally in accordance with the control by the controller 60.

As mentioned above, the first apparatus 40 of the present invention isloaded with an information recording medium 1 and designed for copingwith the reproducing light 99, which is generated by the light emittingelement 50 a (not shown) having single wavelength λ within the range of350 nm to 450 nm, the objective lens 50 b (not shown) having thenumerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9 and the 4-division photo detector 9(not shown). Therefore, the first apparatus 40 can reproduce theinformation recording medium 1 excellently.

Accordingly, the first apparatus 40 is such a reproducing apparatus thatreads out information recorded on the first recording layer 12X or thesecond recording layer 12Y. Particularly, the first apparatus 40 canreproduce contents, which are continuously recorded for a long period oftime, and can be used for reproducing an HDTV program and a movie, whichare recorded by video equipment, for example.

With referring to FIG. 36, a second apparatus for reproducing any of theinformation recording mediums 1 through 6 according to the presentinvention is explained, wherein the information recording medium 1represents the information recording mediums 1 though 6 generically forsimplifying the explanation hereinafter.

FIG. 36 is a block diagram of a second apparatus for reproducing aninformation recording medium according to the present invention. In FIG.36, a second apparatus 41 is identical to the first apparatus 40 exceptfor an auxiliary information demodulator 56 and a reference clockdemodulator 57, which are provided between the pickup 50 and thecontroller 60 and demodulate an auxiliary information and a referenceclock read out by the pickup 50 respectively. The second apparatus 41 isa reproducing apparatus that is used for index reproduction of a HDTVprogram and a movie, which are recorded by video equipment, and forindex reproduction of data stored in a computer.

As mentioned above, a signal that is transmitted from the pickup 50 tothe demodulator 54 is the total sum signal, that is, “(Iα+Iβ+Iγ+Iδ)”outputted form the 4-division photo detector 9 not shown. On the otherhand, another signal that is transmitted from the pickup 50 to theauxiliary information demodulator 56 is the differential signal, thatis, “(Iα+Iβ)−(Iγ+Iδ)” in the radial direction outputted from the4-division photo detector 9 not shown.

An auxiliary information and a reference clock recorded geometrically inthe information recording medium 1 as a wobbling groove. The wobbling isformed in the radial direction, so that the auxiliary information andthe reference clock can be extracted by monitoring the differentialsignal.

With respect to an actual constitution of the auxiliary informationdemodulator 56, it is constituted by at least any one of anamplitude-shift keying modulation demodulator, a frequency-shift keyingmodulation demodulator and a phase-shift keying modulation demodulator.

More accurately, an envelope detector circuit can be suitably used forthe amplitude-shift keying modulation demodulator. A frequency detectorcircuit and a synchronous detector circuit can be suitably used for thefrequency-shift keying modulation demodulator. A synchronous detectorcircuit, a delay detector circuit and an envelope detector circuit canbe suitably used for the phase-shift keying modulation demodulator.

The amplitude-shift keying modulation wave 250, the frequency-shiftkeying modulation wave 260 or the phase-shift keying modulation wave270, which constitutes the auxiliary signal area 200, is inputted to theauxiliary information demodulator 56 and an auxiliary information isdemodulated from the differential signal in the radial directionoutputted from the 4-division photo detector 9.

The total sum signal may leak into the differential signal in the radialdirection although it may be a small amount. In order to avoid suchleaking, a band-pass filter that is adjusted for a frequency range of anauxiliary signal can be inserted between the pickup 50 and the auxiliaryinformation demodulator 56.

An actual constitution of the reference clock demodulator 57 is at leastcomposed of a slicing circuit. The single-frequency wave 350, whichconstitutes the reference clock area 300 and is extracted from thedifferential signal in the radial direction that is outputted from the4-division photo detector 9, is inputted to the reference clockdemodulator 57. In the reference clock demodulator 57, thesingle-frequency wave 350 is properly sliced and formed in binary coded.In order to separate the single-frequency wave 350 from a signalobtained from the auxiliary signal area 200, a band pass filter can beinserted into a previous stage immediately before the reference clockdemodulator 57. A binary coded signal controls revolution of the motor51 through the controller 60 and the servo controller 52 so as to decidea number of revolutions of the turntable 53.

Further, in order to amplify, wave-transform, wave-shape orfrequency-divide the binary coded signal, an amplifier, a waveformtransformer, a waveform shaper, or a frequency divider can be connectedto the second apparatus 41 additionally.

The auxiliary information demodulator 56 and the reference clockdemodulator 57 is connected so as to distribute the differential signalrespectively. A switching circuit not shown can be inserted in aprevious stage before the auxiliary information demodulator 56 and thereference clock demodulator 57 in order not to deteriorate S/N and inorder to reduce reading out error. In case that the auxiliaryinformation area 200 and the reference clock area 300 is allocated atevery predetermined interval, prediction for a following signal to beread out can be theoretically decided by reading out and identifying thesignal. Consequently, the switching circuit can be constituted.

Furthermore, in case that a start bit signal and a stop bit signal isallocated between the auxiliary information area 200 and the referenceclock area 300, prediction for a following signal to be read out can betheoretically decided by referring to these start bit and stop bitsignals. Consequently, the switching circuit can be theoreticallyconstituted.

With referring to FIGS. 36 and 37, an operation of the second apparatus41 is explained next.

FIG. 37 is a flow chart showing a method for reproducing according to anembodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 37, an operationof the second apparatus 41, that is, a method of reproducing theinformation recording medium 1 by using the second apparatus 41 iscomposed of at least following steps. The information recording medium 1is loaded on the turntable 53 of the second apparatus 41 (step P1). Thereproducing light 99 from the pickup 50 is converged and focused on thefirst microscopic pattern 21X or the second microscopic pattern 21Yformed in the information recording medium 1 (step P2), and is madetracking (step P3). A differential signal is produced from reflectedreproducing light 99 that is reflected by the first microscopic pattern21X or the second microscopic pattern 21Y (step P4). A reference clocksignal is extracted from the differential signal (step P5). Revolutionof the motor 51 is controlled by the extracted reference clock signal(step P6). An auxiliary information is extracted from the differentialsignal (step P7). An address information is extracted from the extractedauxiliary information (step P8). A position of the pickup 51 iscontrolled by the extracted address information and an addressinformation inputted externally (step P9). A total sum signal isdemodulated and reproduced (step P10).

More specifically, the information recording medium 1 is loaded on theturntable 53, which can control revolution of the information recordingmedium 1 to the circumferential direction, in order to face the pickup50 towards the first light transmitting layer 11X first (the step P1).Succeedingly, the reproducing light 99 is emitted from the lightemitting element 50 a of the pickup 50 through the objective lens 50 band converged on the first microscopic pattern 21X or the secondmicroscopic pattern 21Y of the information recording medium 1 (the stepP2). Accurately, the reproducing light 99 is focused on the firstmicroscopic pattern 21X, which is disposed at a depth of 0.07 mm to 0.10mm that is equivalent to the thickness of the first light transmittinglayer 11X, or the second microscopic pattern 21Y, which is disposed at adepth of 0.09 mm to 0.14 mm that is equivalent to a total thickness ofthe first light transmitting layer 11X, the first recording layer 12X,and the second light transmitting layer 12Y. Then, the reproducing light99 is conducted to a track either the recessed portion “B” or the raisedportion “A” (the step P3). The tracking is conducted by selecting aportion previously decided. However, as mentioned above, selecting theraised portion “A” is most preferable. The differential signal“(Iα+Iβ)−(Iγ+Iδ)” in the radial direction is produced from reflectedlight that is reflected by the first microscopic pattern 21X or thesecond microscopic pattern 21Y and picked up by the pickup 50 (the stepP4). The produced differential signal is transmitted to the referenceclock demodulator 57 and a clock signal is produced (the step P5).

Further, the clock signal is transmitted to the controller 60 so as tocontrol a number of revolutions of the turntable 53 and controlsrevolution of the motor 51 by way of the servo controller 52 (the stepP6).

The differential signal is transmitted to the auxiliary informationdemodulator 56 at the same time, and an auxiliary information is readout (the step P7). At this moment, an address information out of variousauxiliary information is extracted from the extracted auxiliaryinformation (the step P8). The extracted address information is comparedwith another address information that is utilized for indexing datainputted to the controller 60. In case that the extracted addressinformation does not coincide with the other address information, thecontroller 60 sends a signal to the servo controller 52 and instructsthe servo controller 52 to search. The searching is conducted such thata number of revolutions of the motor 51 is reset to a specific number ofrevolutions, which corresponds to a radius between the motor 51 and thepickup 50, according to movement in the radial direction of the pickup50 while scanning the movement of the pickup 50 in the radial direction.

Furthermore, during a process of scanning, an address informationoutputted from the address information demodulator 56, which receivesthe differential signal from the pickup 50, is compared with apredetermined address information. The searching is continued until theycoincide with each other (the step P9). When they coincide, scanning inthe radial direction is interrupted and reproduction is switched over tocontinuous reproduction of the total sum signal “(Iα+Iβ+Iγ+Iδ)” (thestep P10). An output from the demodulator 54 in which the total sumsignal “(Iα+Iβ+Iγ+Iδ)” is inputted, is resulted in demodulating a datastream that is obtained by indexing, and the output is inputted to theI/F 55. Finally, the I/F 55 outputs a signal externally in accordancewith controlling conducted by the controller 60.

As mentioned above, according to the second apparatus 41 and the methodfor reproducing that is composed of the steps P1 through P10 of thepresent invention, an information recording medium 1 is loaded on.

Further, the second apparatus 41 and the method for reproducing isdesigned for coping with the reproducing light 99, which is generated bythe light emitting element 50 a having a single wavelength λ within therange of 350 nm to 450 nm and the objective lens 50 b having thenumerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9. Therefore, the second apparatus 41and the method for reproducing can suitably reproduce informationrecorded in the first recording layer 12X or the second recording layer12Y of the information recording medium 1. At the same time, they canperform index reproduction of a data stream by reproducing an auxiliaryinformation thereto.

Furthermore, in case that an auxiliary information contains informationrelated to reproduction power other than an address information, it isacceptable for a power value of the light emitting element 50 a to beset or to be renewed by extracting the information related toreproduction power from the read-out auxiliary information.

A gap between the first microscopic pattern 21X and the secondmicroscopic pattern 21Y of the information recording medium 1 is thethickness of the second light transmitting layer 11Y and the thicknessis 0.02 mm to 0.04 mm. An NA of the objective lens 50 b is large, sothat spherical aberration caused by the gap becomes extremely large.Consequently, spherical aberration is essential to be compensated byadjusting an optical system in the pickup 50. Actually, in the step P2,for example, the spherical aberration can be compensated by adjustingthe optical system so as to maximize an output of differential signalafter focusing. If a corrective lens not shown is installed in thepickup 50, for example, it is possible to find a maximum point ofdifferential signal by changing a distance between the corrective lensand another optical element such as the objective lens 50 b.

Further, compensating spherical aberration can be conducted by observinga total sum signal. More specifically, in the step P10, the compensationcan be realized by adjusting an optical system as mentioned above so asfor an output of total sum signal to be maximized.

With respect to spherical aberration that is compensated by observing adifferential signal, it is also acceptable for compensation to beconducted by observing a differential signal of a microscopic patternthat is disposed in a predetermined specific area.

Further, in case that spherical aberration is compensated by observing atotal sum signal, it is also acceptable that test data is recorded on arecessed portion “B” or a raised portion “A” in a predetermined specificarea and the compensation is conducted by observing a total sum signalof the test data. Particularly, in case that the information recordingmedium 1 is in disciform, these compensating methods of sphericalaberration are desirable to be performed in an area, where a user neverrecords or reproduces data, such as a lead-in area allocated in theinner circumference area or another area adjacent to the lead-in area.

With referring to FIG. 38, a third apparatus for recording any of theinformation recording mediums 1 through 6 according to the presentinvention is explained, wherein the information recording medium 1represents the information recording mediums 1 though 6 generically forsimplifying the explanation hereinafter.

FIG. 38 is a block diagram of a third apparatus 90 for recording aninformation recording medium 1 according to the present invention. Thethird apparatus 90 is an apparatus for recording information in thefirst recording layer 12X or the second recording layer 12Y of theinformation recording medium 1, and composed of at least a recordingunit provided with a light emitting element 50 a, which emits recordinglight 89 having a wavelength λ of 350 nm to 450 nm and has a noise levelof less than RIN −125 dB/Hz, and an objective lens 50 b having anumerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9, and a control unit, which controlsthe recording unit so as to record the information recording medium 1 byirradiating the recording light 89 exclusively on a raised portion “A”of the information recording medium 1. Actually, the third apparatus 90is similar to the second apparatus 41 shown in FIG. 36 except forfollowings: the demodulator 54 is replaced by a modulator 82 formodulating an original data and a waveform converter 83 for transforminga modulated signal from the modulator 82 into a waveform suitable forrecording on an information recording medium 1, which are connected inseries, and the I/F 55 is replaced by an interface (I/F) 81 forreceiving an external signal to be recorded. Other components areexactly the same as those of the apparatus 41, so that explanations forthe same functions and operations are omitted.

Further, the third apparatus 90 is an apparatus for recording a computerdata, for example, at a predetermined address newly or recording a HDTVprogram or a movie continuously from a predetermined address by a videorecorder.

The modulator 82 is such a modulator that converts an 8-bit originaldata into 16 bits, in case of the EFM plus modulation method. Thewaveform converter 83 transforms a modulated signal that is receivedfrom the modulator 82 into another waveform that is suitable forrecording on an information recording medium 1. Actually, the waveformconverter 83 is such a converter that converts a modulated signal into arecording pulse, which satisfies a recording characteristic of the firstand second recording layers 12X and 12Y of the information recordingmedium 1. In case that the first recording layer 12X and the secondrecording layer 12Y is composed of a phase change material respectively,for example, a so-called multi-pulse is formed. In other words, themodulated signal is divided into a unit of channel bit or less than theunit of channel bit, and recording power is changed into a rectangularwaveform, wherein peak power, bottom power, erase power and a pulse timeduration, which constitute a multi-pulse, are adjusted in accordancewith a direction of the controller 60.

With referring to FIGS. 38 and 39, an operation of the third apparatus90 is explained next.

FIG. 39 is a flow chart showing a method for recording an informationrecording medium 1 by using the third apparatus 90 shown in FIG. 38. Asshown in FIG. 39, an operation of the third apparatus 90, that is, amethod for recording the information recording medium 1 by using thethird apparatus 90 is composed of at least following steps. Theinformation recording medium 1 is loaded on the turntable 53 of thethird apparatus 90 (step R1). The reproducing light 99 from the pickup50 is converged and focused on the first microscopic pattern 20X or thesecond microscopic pattern 20Y formed in the information recordingmedium 1 (step R2), and is made tracking (step R3). A differentialsignal is produced from reflected reproducing light 99 that is reflectedby the first microscopic pattern 20X or the second microscopic pattern20Y (step R4). A reference clock signal is extracted from thedifferential signal (step R5). Revolution of the motor 51 is controlledby the extracted reference clock signal (step R6). An auxiliaryinformation is extracted from the differential signal (step R7). Anaddress information is extracted from the extracted auxiliaryinformation (step R8). A position of the pickup 50 is controlled by theextracted address information and another address information inputtedexternally (step R9). An inputted signal is demodulated and therecording light 89 is irradiated (step R10).

More specifically, the information recording medium 1 is loaded on theturntable 53 that can control revolution of the information recordingmedium 1 to the circumferential direction with facing the pickup 50towards the first light transmitting layer 11X first (the step R1).Succeedingly, the reproducing light 99 is emitted from the lightemitting element 50 a of the pickup 50 through the objective lens 50 band converged on the first microscopic pattern 20X or the secondmicroscopic pattern 20Y of the information recording medium 1 (the stepR2). More accurately, the reproducing light 99 is focused on the firstmicroscopic pattern 20X, which is disposed at a depth of 0.07 mm to 0.10mm that is equivalent to the thickness of the first light transmittinglayer 11X, or the second microscopic pattern 20Y, which is disposed at adepth of 0.09 mm to 0.14 mm that is equivalent to a total thicknesses ofthe first light transmitting layer 11X, the first recording layer 12X,and the second light transmitting layer 12Y. Then, the reproducing light99 is conducted to a track either the recessed portion “B” or the raisedportion “A” (the step R3). The tracking is conducted by selecting aportion previously decided. However, as mentioned above, selecting theraised portion “A” is most preferable. The differential signal“(Iα+Iβ)−(Iγ+Iδ)” in the radial direction is produced from reflectedreproducing light 99 that is reflected by the first microscopic pattern20X or the second microscopic pattern 20Y and picked up by the pickup 50(the step R4). The produced differential signal is transmitted to thereference clock demodulator 57 and a clock signal is produced (the stepR5).

Further, the clock signal is transmitted to the controller 60 so as tocontrol a number of revolutions of the turntable 53 and controlsrevolution of the motor 51 by way of the servo controller 52 (the stepR6).

The differential signal is transmitted to the auxiliary informationdemodulator 56 at the same time, and an auxiliary information is readout (the step R7). At this moment, an address information out of variousauxiliary information is extracted (the step R8). The extracted addressinformation is compared with another address information that isutilized for indexing data, which is inputted to the controller 60. Incase that the extracted address information does not coincide with theother address information, the controller 60 sends a signal to the servocontroller 52 and instructs the servo controller 52 to search. Thesearching is conducted such that a number of revolutions of the motor 51is reset to a specific number of revolutions, which corresponds to aradius between the motor 51 and the pickup 50, according to movement inthe radial direction of the pickup 50 while scanning the movement of thepickup 50 in the radial direction.

Furthermore, during a process of scanning, an address informationoutputted from the address information demodulator 56, which receives adifferential signal from the pickup 50, is compared with a predeterminedaddress information. The searching is continued until they coincide witheach other (the step R9). When they coincide, scanning in the radialdirection is interrupted and reproduction is switched over to arecording operation. In other words, data inputted form the I/F 81 isdemodulated by the demodulator 82 in accordance with controllingconducted by the controller 60. The modulated data is inputted into thewaveform converter 83 in accordance with the controlling conducted bythe controller 60 and finally, the demodulated data is transformed intoa format that is suitable for recording, and outputted to the pickup 50(the step R10).

In the pickup 50, the recording light 89 is generated by changingrecording power to a predetermined recording power that is designated bythe waveform converter 83, and irradiated on the information recordingmedium 1. Consequently, the original data is recorded at a predeterminedaddress in the information recording medium 1.

In addition thereto, the recording light 89 can read out thedifferential signal “(Iα+Iβ)−(Iγ+Iδ)” in the radial direction and anaddress can be extracted from the auxiliary information demodulator 56even while recording. Accordingly, limited area recording as far as anaddress that is required by a user can be conducted.

As mentioned above, according to the third apparatus 90 and the methodfor recording that is composed of the steps R1 through R10 of thepresent invention, an information recording medium 1 is loaded on.

Further, the third apparatus 90 and the method for recording is designedfor coping with the reproducing light 99 and the recording light 89,which are generated by the light emitting element 50 a having a singlewavelength λ within the range of 350 nm to 450 nm and the objective lens50 b having the numerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9. Therefore, thethird apparatus 90 and the method for recording can suitably recordinformation in the first recording layer 12X or the second recordinglayer 12Y of the information recording medium 1. At the same time, theycan reproduce even auxiliary information and can conduct random indexingfor recording.

Furthermore, in case that an auxiliary information contains informationrelated to recording strategy such as peak power, erase power, and pulseinterval other than an address information, it is acceptable that asetting value of the waveform converter 83 is designated or renewed byextracting these strategic information from the read-out auxiliaryinformation.

More, it is possible to combine the above-mentioned method for recordingand the method for reproducing the information recording medium 1together. For example, an additional step of confirming whether or notrecording on an information recording medium 1 is conducted correctly byreproducing the recorded information recoding medium 1 can be addedafter the information recording medium 1 is recorded by the method forrecording that is composed of the steps R1 through R10. The additionalstep of confirming is conducted by reproducing the recorded area withthe reproducing light 99, and by comparing data to be recorded andanother data to be reproduced.

Moreover, by extracting an address information from an auxiliaryinformation, the additional step of confirming can be compared with theaddress information hereat. In case that data not recorded properly isfound by the comparing, an address information corresponding to theoriginal data is recorded in a specific area at the inner circumferencearea and/or the outer circumference area of the information recordingmedium 1. In other words, in case that an error is found when confirmingby reproducing after recording, the address information is recorded in aspecific area of the information recording medium 1. Consequently, anaddress information having error can be recognized by referring to thespecific area when reproducing data recorded by a user.

Further, it is possible to reproduce the recorded data excluding onlydata corresponding to the address information. Accordingly, reproductionwithout error can be enabled.

Furthermore, in case that data not recorded properly is found by thecomparing, it is acceptable that the defective data is recorded inanother area having another address information together with recordingan address information corresponding to the original data in a specificarea at the inner circumference area and/or the outer circumference areaof the information recording medium 1. By this process, not onlyreproducing without error but also compensating a defective part can beconducted, so that it is more effective.

The information recording mediums 1 through 6, the first and secondapparatuses 40 and 41 for reproducing any of the information recordingmediums 1 through 6, and the third apparatus 90 for recording any of theinformation recording mediums 1 through 6 is explained above.

While the invention has been described above with reference to specificembodiment thereof, it is apparent that many changes, modifications andvariations in the arrangement of equipment and devices can be madewithout departing from the invention concept disclosed herein.

For example, the present invention provides not only the first andsecond apparatuses 40 and 41 for reproducing any of the informationrecording mediums 1 through 6 and the third apparatus 90 for recordingany of the information recording mediums 1 through 6 but also eachoperation of the first, second, and third apparatuses 40, 41, and 90.

Further, the present invention provides the methods for reproducing andrecording that are conducted by replacing each operation of apparatuseswith each step of procedures of the operations respectively.

Furthermore, the present invention provides computer programs thatexecute each step of the methods for reproducing and recording.

More, the preset invention provides an apparatus for recording andreproducing that combines the first or second apparatus for reproducingand the third apparatus for recording, and provides a method forrecording and reproducing that combines the method for reproducing andthe method for recording.

Moreover, the present invention provides a system that is constituted bycombining the information recording medium, the apparatus forreproducing, the apparatus for recording, the method for reproducing,and the method for recording totally.

According to the present invention, as mentioned above, there isprovided an information recording medium that is composed of at least asubstrate, a first recording layer, a first light transmitting layer, asecond recording layer for recording different information from that tobe recorded in the first recording layer, and a second lighttransmitting layer. The first recording layer is formed with a firstmicroscopic pattern that is composed of continuous substance of grooves.The second recording layer is formed with a second microscopic patternthat is different from the first microscopic pattern and composed ofcontinuous substance of grooves. Both sidewalls of raised portions ofthe first and second microscopic patterns are formed with wobbling so asto be parallel with each other. An auxiliary information and a referenceclock is recorded on these sidewalls alternately and continuously.Consequently, the information recording medium can realize higherrecording density as well as reducing cross erase.

Further, it is enabled to record and reproduce the second recordinglayer through the first recording layer excellently as well as recordingand reproducing the first recording layer.

Furthermore, by adjusting reflectivity of the first recording layer thatis observed from the first light transmitting layer side to be within arange of 0.5% to 10% and by adjusting reflectivity of the secondrecording layer that is observed from the first light transmitting layerside through the first recording layer to be within a range of 0.8% to14%, continuous recording and reproducing two information surfaces ofthe first and second recording layers is enabled by changing focusing onrespective layers. In other words, a total system can be established bycombining the apparatus for reproducing, the apparatus for recording,the method for reproducing, and the method for recording together.

More, an auxiliary information such as address data is recordedgeometrically in a part of microscopic pattern by the amplitude-shiftkeying modulation method. Consequently, recorded data can be demodulatedeven under low C/N condition.

Moreover, an auxiliary information such as address data is recordedgeometrically in a part of microscopic pattern by the frequency-shiftkeying modulation method. Consequently, recorded data can be demodulatedby a simplified circuitry.

Particularly, by utilizing a frequency-shift keying modulation in whicha phase is selected such that a wave continues at a point of changing afrequency, a reproducing envelope is made constant and stablereproduction is enabled.

Further, an auxiliary information such as address data is recordedgeometrically in a part of microscopic pattern by the phase-shift keyingmodulation method. Consequently, recorded data can be reproduced evenunder low C/N condition by demodulating the modulated data by thesynchronous detection method.

Particularly, phase difference between a higher frequency section and alower frequency section, which constitute a frequency-shift keyingmodulation wave, is set to ±π/2.5, excellent signal demodulation isenabled by the synchronous detection method.

Furthermore, a reference clock is recorded in succession to an auxiliaryinformation in a part of microscopic pattern, so that controllingrevolution of an apparatus for reproducing and an apparatus forrecording is enabled. Particularly, recording by stabilized length ofrecord mark can be conducted when recording.

It should be understood that many modifications and adaptations of theinvention will become apparent to those skilled in the art and it isintended to encompass such obvious modifications and changes in thescope of the claims appended hereto.

1. An information recording medium at least comprising: a substrate; asecond recording layer formed on the substrate for recordinginformation; a second light transmitting layer formed on the secondrecording layer; a first recording layer formed on the second lighttransmitting layer for recording different information from thatrecorded in the second recording layer; and a first light transmittinglayer formed on the first recording layer; the second recording layerbeing formed with a second continuous microscopic pattern of a pluralityof raised portions and recessed portions formed alternately viewed fromthe first light transmitting layer side; and the first recording layerbeing formed with a first continuous microscopic pattern of a pluralityof raised portions and recessed portions formed alternately viewed fromthe first light transmitting layer side and different from the secondmicroscopic pattern; both the first microscopic pattern and the secondmicroscopic pattern satisfying a relation of P≦λ/NA, wherein P is apitch of the raised portion, λ is a wavelength of reproducing light forreproducing the first recording layer and the second recording layer,and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens; and a sidewall ofthe raised portion of the first microscopic pattern and the raisedportion of the second microscopic pattern being continuously wobbled inalternating sections corresponding to auxiliary information and areference clock, wherein the auxiliary information is a frequency-shiftkeying modulation wave having two different frequencies and thereference clock is a sinusoidal wave having a single frequencyrespectively, and wherein both sidewalls of the raised portion areparallel with each other, and wherein a ratio of a length of thereference clock area to a total length of the auxiliary information areaand the reference clock area is set to be more than 50%, and furtherwherein the thickness of the first light transmitting layer is within arange of 0.07 mm to 0.10 mm.
 2. An apparatus for reproducing aninformation recording medium at least comprising: a substrate; a secondrecording layer formed on the substrate for recording information; asecond light transmitting layer formed on the second recording layer; afirst recording layer formed on the second light transmitting layer forrecording different information from that recorded in the secondrecording layer; and a first light transmitting layer formed on thefirst recording layer; the second recording layer being formed with asecond continuous microscopic pattern of a plurality of raised portionsand recessed portions formed alternately viewed from the first lighttransmitting layer side; and the first recording layer being formed witha first continuous microscopic pattern of a plurality of raised portionsand recessed portions formed alternately viewed from the first lighttransmitting layer side and different from the second microscopicpattern; both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopicpattern satisfying a relation of P≦λ/NA, wherein P is a pitch of theraised portion, λ is a wavelength of reproducing light for reproducingthe first recording layer and the second recording layer, and NA is anumerical aperture of an objective lens; and a sidewall of the raisedportion of the first microscopic pattern and the raised portion of thesecond microscopic pattern being continuously wobbled in alternatingsections corresponding to auxiliary information and a reference clock,wherein the auxiliary information is a frequency-shift keying modulationwave having two different frequencies and the reference clock is asinusoidal wave having a single frequency respectively, and wherein bothsidewalls of the raised portion are parallel with each other, andwherein a ratio of a length of the reference clock area to a totallength of the auxiliary information area and the reference clock area isset to be more than 50%, and further wherein the thickness of the firstlight transmitting layer is within a range of 0.07 mm to 0.10 mm, theapparatus further comprising: a reproducing device for reproducing thefirst recording layer or the second recording layer of the informationrecording medium, wherein the reproducing device includes a lightemitting element for emitting reproducing light having a wavelength λ of350 nm to 450 nm and a noise of less than RIN (Relative Intensity Noise)−125 dB/Hz, and an objective lens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.75to 0.9; and a control device for controlling the reproducing device toirradiate the reproducing light on the raised portion.